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east, where the imposing cluster of Grosser Feldberg (2887 ft.), Kleiner Feldberg (2714 ft.) and Altkonig (2618 ft.) dominate the Wetterau and the valley of the Main. Above the Rheingau, or the slopes which stretch down to the Rhine between Biebrich and Bingen, the See also:

ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude averages 1500 to 1700 ft. The See also:

GEOLOGICAL

geological core of the See also:

SYSTEM

system consists of See also:

PRIMITIVE

primitive argillaceous See also:

SCHISTS (Gr. vxq'ecv, to split)

schists, capped by See also:

QUARTZITE

quartzite and broken through in places by See also:

BASALT

basalt. On the See also:

NORTHERN

northern See also:

side, which sinks on the whole gently towards the Lahn, the See also:

GREYWACKE, or GRAUWACKE (a German word signifying a grey earthy rock)

greywacke formation attains a considerable development. The hills are almosteverywhere well wooded, the predominant trees being firs and beeches. The See also:

LOWER

lower slopes are, wherever possible, planted with vineyards, orchards and See also:

CHESTNUT (nux Castanea)

chestnut and See also:

ALMOND (from the O. Fr. almande or alemande, late Lat. amandola, derived through a form amingdola from the Gr. l uybian, an almond; the al- for a- is probably due to a confusion with the Arabic article al, the word having first dropped the a- as in the It

almond groves. The vineyards of the Rheingau are specially famous, and yield brands of See also:

WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine—e.g.

Johannisberger, Steinberger, Rudesheimer, Marcobrunner, Hochheimer, Rauenthaler, AssmannsMuser, and others—which enjoy the highest reputation amongst the vintages of Germany. The Taunus is also famous for the number and efficacy of its See also:

MINERAL

mineral springs, which annually attract thousands of visitors to the celebrated spas of See also:

WIESBADEN

Wiesbaden, Homburg, See also:

Ems, See also:

SCHLANGENBAD

Schlangenbad, See also:

SCHWALBACH, or LANGENSCHWALBACH

Schwalbach, See also:

Soden and See also:

NAUHEIM

Nauheim, while the See also:

WATERS, TERRITORIAL

waters of Selters and other springs are exported in large quantity. The sheltered position and warm See also:

CLIMATE

climate have led also to the See also:

ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of the See also:

HEALTH

health resorts of Falkenstein (1875) and Schmitten, and of tourist centres at See also:

KONIGSTEIN

Konigstein, Cronberg and Ober Ursel. Above Falkenstein stand the ruins of the ancestral See also:

castle of Kuno, the powerful See also:

ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

TRIER (French Troves)

Trier; above Konigstein are the remains of a fortress of like name, formerly belonging to the See also:

ELECTORS (Ger. Kurfursten, from Kilren, O.H.G. kiosan, choose, elect, and Furst, prince)

electors of See also:

MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, and destroyed by the See also:

French in 1796; on Altkonig are two concentric lines of pre-See also:

ROMAN

Roman fortifications, 4557 and 2982 ft. in circumference. See also:

INTEREST

Interest also attaches to the once celebrated Cistercian See also:

abbey of See also:

EBERBACH

Eberbach, founded in 1116; to See also:

ELTVILLE (ELFELD)

Eltville, a favourite See also:

RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the archbishops of Mainz in the 14th and 15th centuries; and to the See also:

FAMILY

family seats of Eppstein, Katzenelnbogen and Scharfenstein. The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

HISTORICAL

historical See also:

MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument of this region is the Saalburg, an See also:

ancient Roman fort serving as a centre of communications along the limes or fortified frontier-See also:

LINE

line See also:

DRAWN

drawn from Rhine to Main by See also:

DOMITIAN (Thus FLAVIUS DOMITIANUS)

Domitian (see LIMES GERMANICUS). The excavations, which were begun in 1868, have revealed four different encampments, the earliest of which perhaps See also:

DATES

dates back to the See also:

time of the earliest Roman See also:

CONQUEST

conquest. The remains now visible are an excellent type of the solidly constructed permanent camps of the See also:

MIDDLE

middle imperial See also:

period (about A.D. 200). Elaborate restorations have been under-taken, and the See also:

minor remains have been housed since 1904 in the reconstructed praetorium or headquarters. An electric tram connects the Saalburg with Homburg (distance 4 m.). See also:

FORTY

Forty See also:

MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles to the See also:

west of the Saalburg there is a See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

NATIONAL

national monument, the See also:

COLOSSAL

colossal figure of Germania, which stands on a bold See also:

SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

spur of the Taunus 740 ft. above the Rhine.

It was erected in 1883 to commemorate the See also:

War of 1870–71 and the re-creation of the See also:

German See also:

EMPIRE

empire in the latter See also:

YEAR

year. The steep crags of the western end of the Taunus, where they abut upon the Rhine, are See also:

rich in the romantic associations of the See also:

GREAT

great See also:

RIVER

river. Here are the See also:

rock of the See also:

SIREN

siren Lurlei or See also:

LORELEI (from Old High Ger. Lur, connected with modern Ger. lauern, " to lurk," " be on the watch for," and equivalent to elf, and lai, " a rock ")

Lorelei; the old castles of Stahleck and Pfalz, which belonged to the See also:

COUNTS

Counts See also:

PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

Palatine of the Rhine; and the See also:

QUAINT (O. Fr. cointe, from Lat. cognitus, known, probably influenced by association with Lat. corn plus, neat)

quaint See also:

MEDIEVAL

medieval towns of See also:

CAUB, or KAUB

Caub and St Goarshausen. Schloss Friedrichshof, at the See also:

FOOT

foot of the Feldberg and Altkonig, immediately See also:

north of Kronberg, was built in 1889–97 by the widowed empress See also:

Frederick, and is the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place where she died in 1901. The railway from See also:

FRANKFORT

Frankfort-on-Main to See also:

OBERLAHNSTEIN

Oberlahnstein skirts the See also:

south and west foot of the range, that from Frankfort to See also:

Cassel the eastern side, while the line from Wiesbaden and See also:

HOCHST

Hochst to See also:

Limburg intersects it from south to north. See See also:

Die Heilquellen See also:

des Taunus (published by Grossmann, Wiesbaden, 1887); Sievers, Zur Kenntnrs des Taunus (See also:

STUTTGART

Stuttgart, 1891), and the Taunus See also:

CLUB (connected with " clump ")

Club's See also:

GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

Guide (4th ed. Frankfort-on-Main, 1905). For the Saalburg see L. See also:

Jacobi, Das Romerhastell Saalburg (2 vols., Homburg, 1897) ; also a small guide by the same author (3rd ed. Homburg, 1907).

End of Article: TAUNUS

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