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supply and accentuates to some of the large landowners the inconvenience resulting from the abolition of the slave trade, but the practice of owning domestic slaves is not forbidden, and it is the policy of the administration to render the transition from slave labour to See also:

FREE

free labour as See also:

GRADUAL (Med. Lat. gradualis, of or belonging to steps or degrees; gradus, step)

gradual as possible. The See also:

ancient See also:

state of Zaria, also called Zeg-Zeg by the geographers and historians of the See also:

MIDDLE

middle ages, was one of the See also:

ORIGINAL

original seven See also:

HAUSA

Hausa states. It suffered all the fluctuations of Hausa See also:

HISTORY

history, and in the 13th and See also:

early 14th centuries seems to have been the dominating state of Hausaland. At later periods it underwent many conquests and submitted in turn to Kano, See also:

SONGHOI, SONRHAY, SURHAI

Songhoi and See also:

BORNU

Bornu. At the end of the 18th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it was an See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent state living under its own Mahommedan rulers; but, like the See also:

REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of northern Hausaland, it was conquered in the opening years of the 19th century by the emissaries of the See also:

FULA (FULBE, FELLATAH or PEULS)

Fula See also:

Dan Fodio. It remained a Fulani emirate paying See also:

ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance to See also:

SOKOTO

Sokoto up to the See also:

period of the British occupation of Nigeria, See also:

JANUARY

January 'goo. Early in 1900 a British See also:

garrison was placed at Wushishi, a town in the south-western corner of the emirate which marks the limit of See also:

NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation of the Kaduna river. The emir of Zaria professed friendliness to the British, and at his own See also:

REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request British troops were quartered at his capital, in See also:

order to protect him from the threatened attacks of See also:

KONTAGORA

Kontagora. In See also:

March 1902 the province was taken under British administrative See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control.

Throughout that year it was found that, notwithstanding his friendly professions, the emir of Zaria was intriguing with Kano and Sokoto, then openly hostile to Great See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, while at the same See also:

time he continued, contrary to his undertaking in return for British See also:

PROTECTION

protection, to See also:

RAID

raid for slaves and to perpetrate acts of brutal tyranny and oppression. He was deposed in the autumn of 1902, and after the Sokoto-Kano See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign of 1903, which assured the supremacy of Great Britain in the protectorate, another emir was appointed to Zaria. The new emir, Dan Sidi, took the See also:

OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath of allegiance to the British See also:

CROWN

crown and accepted his See also:

APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment on the conditions required of all the Nigerian native rulers. He afterwardscontinued to See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act in loyal co-operation with the British ad-ministration. The province has been organized for administration on the same See also:

SYSTEM

system as the rest of the protectorate. It has been divided into four administrative districts, each under a British assistant See also:

RESIDENT

resident. A See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

CART (A.S. crcet, Gaelic cairt; connected with " car ")

cart road suitable for wheeled See also:

TRAFFIC

traffic has been constructed between Zungeru and Zaria, and the Kaduna has been handsomely bridged at a point near Wushishi, which is the See also:

MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting-point of See also:

main See also:

CARAVAN (more correctly Karwan)

caravan roads, and whence there is at certain seasons of the year uninterrupted See also:

WATER

water See also:

CARRIAGE

carriage to the mouth of the Niger. The development of trade was further facilitated in the early days of the British occupation by the See also:

BUILDING

building of a See also:

LIGHT

light railway from Barijuko, a point on the Kaduna river below Wushishi, to Zungeru. This See also:

LINE

line was superseded by the construction, in 1907-1909, of a 3 ft. 6 in. railway from Baro, a See also:

PORT

port on the See also:

LOWER

lower Niger, to Zungeru, whence the line was continued to Zaria. The See also:

taxation See also:

SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme introduced by the British administration works satisfactorily, and the See also:

revenue shows a See also:

REGULAR

regular surplus. Courts of See also:

JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice have been established in the administrative districts.

In 1904 Zaria suffered from the misfortune of a See also:

FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine, but excellent harvests restored prosperity in the following year, and the province shows every sign of contentment under existing See also:

RULE

rule. The main artery of See also:

commerce which runs from Zaria to Wushishi has been rendered not only safe and peaceful, but has been made so much more commodious by the construction of a good road and by the bridging of the river that the See also:

north and south trade is steadily increasing. The local movements of trade throughout the province are also greater. A large portion of the province is occupied by See also:

pagan tribes, especially in the south and the south-See also:

west. These districts require more See also:

DIRECT

direct British supervision than the Fula districts, in which the native administration, under British control., is fairly efficient. The creation of an administrative See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division at Kachia with a British station and garrison at Kachia town had an excellent effect, and the resident was able to See also:

REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

report in 1905 that " the inhabitants of the once dangerous pagan districts now buy cloth, kolas and See also:

salt from the traders in See also:

EXCHANGE

exchange for mats, See also:

RUBBER, INDIARUBBER

rubber, See also:

palm oil and See also:

corn, instead of seizing these articles as they formerly did." (F, L.

End of Article: ZARIA

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