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ARDECHE

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 450 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ARDECHE , an inland See also:

department of See also:south-eastern See also:France, formed in 1790 from the Vivarais, a See also:district of See also:Languedoc. Pop. (1906) 347,140. See also:Area, 2145 sq. m. It is bounded N.W. by the department of See also:Loire, E. by the See also:Rhone which divides it from See also:Isere and See also:DrOme, S. by See also:Gard and W. by See also:Lozere and Haute-Loire. The See also:surface of Ardeche is almost entirely covered by the See also:Cevennes mountains, the See also:main See also:chain, continued in the Boutieres mountains, forming its western boundary. Its centre is traversed from south-See also:east to See also:north-See also:west by the Coiron range which extends from the Rhone to the Mont Mezenc (5755 ft.), the highest point in the department, and the See also:oldest of its many volcanoes. These mountains See also:separate the See also:southern See also:half of the department, which comprises the See also:basin of the Ardeche, from the See also:northern half which is watered by numerous smaller tributaries of the Rhone, the See also:chief of which are the Erieux and the Doux. A few See also:rivers belong to the See also:Atlantic See also:side of the See also:watershed, the chief being the Loire, which rises on the western See also:borders of the department, and the See also:Allier, which for a See also:short distance separates it from Lozere. Nearly all the rivers of the department are of torrential swiftness and subject to sudden floods. The scenery through which they flow is often of See also:great beauty and grandeur. Natural curiosities are the See also:Pont d'Arc, over the Ardeche, and the Chaussee See also:des Geants, near See also:Vals.

The See also:

climate in the valley of the Rhone is, in See also:general, warm, and sometimes very hot; but westward, as the See also:elevation increases, the See also:cold becomes more intense and the winters longer. Some districts, especially in summer, are liable to sudden alterations in the temperature. See also:Rye, See also:wheat and potatoes are the chief crops cultivated. See also:Good red and See also:white wines are grown in the hilly region bordering the Rhone valley, the white See also:wine of St Peray being highly esteemed. The See also:principal fruits are the See also:chestnut, which is largely exported, the See also:olive and the See also:walnut. In the rearing of See also:silk-See also:worms, Ardeche ranks second to Gard among See also:French departments, and great See also:numbers of mulberry trees are grown for the purposes of this See also:industry. The many goats and See also:sheep of Ardeche make it one of the chief See also:sources of See also:supply of skins for See also:glove-making. Mines of See also:coal, See also:iron, See also:lead and See also:zinc are worked, and the quarries furnish See also:hydraulic See also:lime (Le Teil) and other products. Besides See also:flour-See also:mills, distilleries and saw-mills, there are important silk-mills and See also:leather-See also:works and See also:paper-factories. See also:Annonay is the principal See also:industrial See also:town. The department exports wine, See also:cattle, lime, See also:mineral See also:waters, silk, paper, &c. Hot springs are numerous, and some of them, as those of Vals, St See also:Laurent-See also:les-Bains, Celles and Neyrac, are largely resorted to.

Ardeche is served by the See also:

Paris-See also:Lyon-Mediterranee railway and has some 43 m. II 450 of navigable waterway. The department is divided into the arrondissements of Privas, See also:Largentiere and See also:Tournon, with 31 cantons and 342 communes. It forms the See also:diocese of Viviers and See also:part of the archiepiscopal See also:province of See also:Avignon. It is in the region of the XV. See also:army See also:corps, and within the circumscription of the See also:academic (educational See also:division) of See also:Grenoble. Its See also:court of See also:appeal is at See also:Nimes. Privas, the See also:capital, Annonay, See also:Aubenas, Largentiere and Tournon are the principal towns. Bourg-St Andeol, Thines, Melas and Cruas have interesting Romanesque churches. Mazan has remains of a Cistercian See also:abbey founded in the 12th See also:century to which its vast See also:church belongs. Viviers is an old town with a church of various styles of See also:architecture and several old houses.

End of Article: ARDECHE

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