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CHEMNITZ

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 77 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CHEMNITZ , a See also:

town of See also:Germany, in the See also:kingdom of See also:Saxony, the See also:capital of a governmental See also:district, 5o m. W.S.W. of See also:Dresden and 51 S.E. of See also:Leipzig by See also:rail. Pop. (1885) 110,817; (1895) 161,017; (1905) 244,405. It lies 950 ft. above the See also:sea, in a fertile See also:plain at the See also:foot of the See also:Erzgebirge, watered by the See also:river Chemnitz, an affluent of the See also:Mulde. It is the See also:chief manufacturing town in the kingdom, ranks next to Dresden and Leipzig in point of See also:population, and is one of the See also:principal commercial and See also:industrial centres of Germany. It is well provided with railway communication, being directly connected with See also:Berlin and with the populous and thriving towns of the Erzgebirge and Voigtland. Chemnitz is in See also:general well built, the enormous development of its See also:industry and See also:commerce having of See also:late years led to the laying out of many See also:fine streets and to the embellishing of the town with handsome buildings. The centre is occupied by the See also:market square, with the handsome See also:medieval Rathaus, now superseded for municipal business by a See also:modern See also:building in the See also:Post-strasse. In this square are monuments to the See also:emperor See also:William I., See also:Bismarck and See also:Moltke. The old inner town is surrounded by pleasant promenades, occupying the site of the old fortifications, and it is beyond' these that industrial Chemnitz lies, girdling the old town on all sides with a thick See also:belt of streets and factories, and ramifying far into the See also:country. Chemnitz has eleven See also:Protestant churches, among them the See also:ancient See also:Gothic See also:church of St See also:James, with a fine See also:porch, and the modern churches of St See also:Peter, St See also:Nicholas and St See also:Mark.

There are also a See also:

synagogue and chapels of various sects. The industry of Chemnitz has gained for the town the name of " Saxon See also:Manchester." First in importance are its See also:locomotive and See also:engineering See also:works, which give employment to some 20,000 hands in 90 factories. Next come its See also:cotton-See also:spinning, See also:hosiery, textile and See also:glove manufactures, in which a large See also:trade is done with See also:Great See also:Britain and the See also:United States. It is also the seat of considerable dyeworks, bleachworks, chemical and woollen factories, and produces See also:leather and straps, See also:cement, small vehicles, See also:wire-See also:woven goods, carpets, See also:beer and bricks. The town is well provided with technical See also:schools for training in the various See also:industries, including commercial, public, economic and agricultural schools, and has a chamber of commerce. There are also industrial and See also:historical museums, and collections of See also:painting and natural See also:history. The See also:local communications are maintained by an excellent electric See also:tramway See also:system. To the See also:north-See also:west of the town is the Gothic church of a former See also:Benedictine monastery, dating from 1514-1525, with a See also:tower of 1897. Chemnitz is a favourite tourist centre for excursions into the Erzgebirge, the See also:chain of mountains separating Saxony from Bohemia. Chemnitz (Kaminizi) was originally a See also:settlement of the Sorbian See also:Wends and became a market town in 1143. Its municipal constitution See also:dates from the 14th See also:century, and it soon became the most important industrial centre in the mark of See also:Meissen. A See also:monopoly of See also:bleaching was granted to the town, and thus a considerable trade in woollen and See also:linen yarns was attracted to Chemnitz; See also:paper was made here, and in the 16th century the manufacture of See also:cloth was very flourishing.

In 1539 the See also:

Reformation was introduced, and in 1546 the Benedictine monastery, founded about 1136 by the emperor See also:Lothair II. about 2 M. north of the town, was dissolved. During the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War Chemnitz was plundered by all parties and its trade was completely ruined, but at the beginning of the 18th century it had begun to recover. Further progress in this direction was made during the 19th century, especially after 1834 when Saxony joined the See also:German See also:Zollverein. See See also:Zollner, Geschichte der Fabrik- and Handelsstadt Chemnitz (1891) ; and Straumer, See also:Die Fabrik- and Handelsstadt Chemnitz (1892). CHEMOTA%IS (from the See also:stem of " See also:chemistry" and Gr. rhEes, arrangement), a biological See also:term for the attraction exercised on living or growing organisms or their members by chemical substances; e.g. the attraction of the male cells of ferns or mosses by an organic See also:acid or See also:sugar-See also:solution.

End of Article: CHEMNITZ

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CHEMNITZ (or KEMNITZ), MARTIN (1522-1586)

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