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ESZTERGOM (Ger. Gran; Lat. Strigonium)

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Originally appearing in Volume V09, Page 803 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ESZTERGOM (Ger. Gran; See also:Lat. Strigonium) , a See also:town of See also:Hungary, See also:capital of the See also:county of the same name, 36 m. N.W. of See also:Budapest by See also:rail. - Pop. (190o) 16,948, mostly See also:Magyars and See also:Roman Catholics. It is situated on the right See also:bank of the See also:Danube, nearly opposite the confluence of the Gran, and is divided into the town proper and three suburbs. The town is the See also:residence of the See also:primate of Hungary, and its See also:cathedral, built in 1821-187o, after the See also:model of St See also:Peter's at See also:Rome, is one of the finest and largest in the See also:country. It is picturesquely built on an elevated and commanding position, 215 ft. above the Danube, and its See also:dome, visible from a See also:long distance, is 26o ft. high, and has a See also:diameter of 52 ft. The interior is very richly decorated, notably with See also:fine frescoes, and its See also:treasury and fine library of over 6o,000 volumes are famous. Besides several other churches and two monastic houses, the See also:principal buildings include the handsome See also:palace of the primate, erected in 1883; the archiepiscopal library, with valuable See also:incunabula and old See also:MSS.; the See also:seminary for the See also:education of Roman See also:Catholic priests; the residences of the See also:chapter; and the town-See also:hall. The See also:population is chiefly employed in See also:cloth-See also:weaving,See also:wine-making and agricultural pursuits.

An See also:

iron See also:bridge, 1664 ft. long, connects Esztergom with the See also:market town of Parkany (pop. 2836) on the opposite bank of the Danube. Esztergom is one of the See also:oldest towns of Hungary, and is famous as the birthplace of St See also:Stephen,the first See also:prince crowned " apostolic See also:king " of Hungary. During the See also:early times of the Hungarian See also:monarchy it was the most important See also:mercantile centre in the country,. and it was the See also:meeting-See also:place of the diets of 1016, 11 i 1, 11 14 and 1256. It was almost completely destroyed by Tatar hordes in 1241, but was rebuilt and fortified by King See also:Bela IV. In 1543 it See also:fell into the hands of the See also:Turks, from whom it was recovered, in 1595, by Carl von See also:Mansfeld. In 1604 it reverted to the Turks, who held it till 1683, when it was regained by the See also:united forces of See also:John Sobieski, king of See also:Poland, and Prince See also:Charles of See also:Lorraine. It was created an archbishopric in Too,. During the See also:Turkish occupation of the town the archbishopric was re-moved to Tyrnau, while the See also:archbishop himself had his residence in See also:Pressburg. Both returned to Esztergom in 182o. In 1708 it was declared a See also:free See also:city by See also:Joseph I. On the 13th of See also:April 1818 it was partly destroyed by See also:fire.

For numerous authorities on the see and cathedral of Esztergom see V. See also:

Chevalier, Repertoire See also:des See also:sources. Topo-bibliogr. s.v. " Gran." Of these may be mentioned especially F. Knauz, Monumenta Ecclesiae Strigoniensis (3 vols., Eszterg, 1874) ; Joseph Danko, Geschichtliches . aus dem Graner Domschdtz (Gran, 188o).

End of Article: ESZTERGOM (Ger. Gran; Lat. Strigonium)

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