Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

JUNOT, ANDOCHE, DUKE

Online Encyclopedia

Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 561 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.

Encyclopedia Home :: JEE-JUN

Spread the word:

del.icio.us it!

See also:

JUNOT, A
JUNOT, ANDOCHE, DUKE
JUNOT, LAURE, DUCHESS OF ABRANTES (1783-1834)

JUNOT, ANDOCHE, See also:
DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)
DUKE of See also:

ABRANTES

ABRANTES (1771-1813), See also:

French See also:

general, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

BUSSY, ROGER DE RABUTIN, COMTE DE (1618–1693)

Bussy-le-See also:

GRAND

Grand (Cote d'Or), on the 23rd of See also:

OCTOBER

October 1771. He went to school at See also:

CHATILLON

Chatillon, and was known among his comrades as a blustering but lovable creature, with a pugnacious disposition. He was studying See also:

law in See also:

Paris at the outbreak of the Revolution and joined a volunteer See also:

BATTALION

battalion. He distinguished himself by his valour in the first See also:

YEAR

year of the Revolutionary See also:

WARS

wars, and came under the See also:

SPECIAL

special See also:

NOTICE

notice of See also:

NAPOLEON

Napoleon See also:

BONAPARTE

Bonaparte during the See also:

SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of See also:

TOULON

Toulon, while serving as his secretary. It is related that as he was taking down a despatch, a See also:

shell burst hard by and covered the See also:

paper with See also:

sand, whereupon he exclaimed, " Bien! nous n'avions pas de See also:

sable pour secher 1'encre.! en voici ! " He remained the faithful See also:

COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

companion of his See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief during the latter's temporary disgrace, and went with him to See also:

Italy as aide-de-See also:

CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp. He distinguished himself so much at the See also:

BATTLE

battle of Millesimo that he was selected to carry back the captured See also:

COLOURS, MILITARY

colours to Paris; returning to Italy he went, through the See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign with See also:

HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour, but was badly wounded in the See also:

head at Lonato. Many rash incidents in his career may be traced to this See also:

WOUND (O. Eng. wund,connected with a Teutonic verb, meaning to strive, fight, suffer, seen in O. Eng. winnan, whence Eng. " win ")

wound, from which he never completely recovered. During the expedition to See also:

EGYPT

Egypt he became a general of See also:

BRIGADE (Fr. and Ger. brigade, Ital. brigata, Span. brigada; the English use of the word dates from the early 17th century)

brigade. His devotion to Bonaparte involved him in a See also:

DUEL (Ital. duello, Lat. duellum—old form of bellum-from duo, two)

duel with General Lanusse, in which he was again wounded. He had to be See also:

LEFT

left in Egypt to recover, and in See also:

CROSSING

crossing to See also:

France was captured by See also:

ENGLISH

English cruisers. On his return to France he was made commandant of Paris, and afterwards promoted general of See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

It was at this See also:

time that he married Laure Permon (see JUNOT, LAURE). He next served at See also:

ARRAS

Arras in command of the grenadiers of the See also:

army destined for the invasion of See also:

England, and made some alterations in the equipment of the troops which received the praise of the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor. It was, however, a See also:

BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter See also:

MORTIFICATION

mortification that he was not appointed a See also:

MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

marshal of France when he received the grand See also:

CROSS

cross of the See also:

LEGION (Lat. legio)

legion of honour. He was made See also:

COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

colonel-general of hussars instead and sent as See also:

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador to See also:

LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon, his entry into which See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city resembled a royal progress. But he was so restless and dissatisfied in the Portuguese See also:

capital that he set out, without leave, for the army of Napoleon, with which he took See also:

PART

part in the battle of See also:

AUSTERLITZ (Czech Slavkov)

Austerlitz, behaving with his usual courage and zeal. But he soon gave fresh offence. Although his See also:

early devotion was never forgotten by the emperor, his uncertain See also:

TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper and want of self-See also:

CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control made it dangerous to employ him at See also:

court or head-quarters, and he was sent to See also:

PARMA

Parma to put down an insurrection and to be out of the way. In 18o6 he was recalled and became See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of Paris. His extravagance and prodigality shocked the See also:

government, and some rumours of an intrigue with a See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady of the imperial See also:

FAMILY

family—it is said Pauline Bonaparte—made it desirable again to send him away. He was therefore appointed to See also:

lead an invading force into See also:

PORTUGAL

Portugal. For the first time Juhot had a See also:

GREAT

great task to perform, and only his own resources to fall back upon for its achievement. Early in See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1807 he set out from See also:

Salamanca, crossed the mountains of See also:

BEIRA

Beira, rallied his wearied forces at Abrantes, and, with 1500 men, dashed upon Lisbon, in See also:

order, if possible, to seize the Portuguese See also:

FLEET

fleet, which had, however, just sailed away with the See also:

REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent and court to See also:

The whole See also:

MOVEMENT

movement only took a See also:

month; it was undoubtedly bold and well-conducted, and Junot was made duke of Abrantes and invested with the governorship of Portugal. But See also:

ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration was his weak point. He was not a See also:

CIVIL

civil governor, but a sabreur, brave, truculent, and also dissipated and rapacious, though in the last respect he was far from being the worst offender amongst the French generals in See also:

Spain. His hold on Portugal was never supported by a really adequate force, and his own conduct, which resembled that of an eastern monarch, did nothing to consolidate his See also:

CONQUEST

conquest. After See also:

Wellesley encountered him at Vimiera (see See also:

PENINSULAR

PENINSULAR See also:

VAR

VAR) he was obliged to conclude the so-called See also:

convention of See also:

CINTRA

Cintra, and to withdraw from Portugal with all his forces. Napoleon was furious, but, as he said, was spared the See also:

NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity of sending his old friend before a court See also:

MARTIAL (MARCUS VALERIUS MARTIALIS)

martial by the fact that the English put their own generals on their trial. Junot was sent back to Spain, where, in 1810-1811, acting under See also:

MASSENA, ANDRE, or ANDREA

Massena, he was once more seriously wounded. His last campaign was made in See also:

Russia, and he received more than a just See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share of discredit for it. Napoleon next appointed him to govern See also:

ILLYRIA

Illyria. But Junot's mind had become deranged under the See also:

WEIGHT

weight of his misfortunes, and on the 29th of See also:

JULY

July 1813, at Montbard, he threw himself from a window in a See also:

FIT

fit of See also:

INSANITY (from Lat. in, not, and sanus, sound)

End of Article: JUNOT, ANDOCHE, DUKE

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
JUNOT, A

[next]
JUNOT, LAURE, DUCHESS OF ABRANTES (1783-1834)