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MALAR

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 461 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MALAR , a See also:

lake of See also:Sweden, extending 73 M. westward fromStockholm, which lies at its junction with the Saltsjo, an See also:arm of the Baltic See also:Sea. The height of the lake is normally only from 11 in. to 2 ft. above sea-level, and its outflow is sometimes reversed. The See also:area is 449 sq. m. The bottom consists of a See also:series of basins See also:separate by ridges from which rise numerous islands. The deepest See also:sounding is 210 ft. The outline is very irregular, the mean breadth being about 15 m., but an arm extends northward for 30 M. nearly to the See also:city of See also:Upsala with many ramifications. The area of the drainage See also:basin is 8789 sq. m., of which 1124 are occupied by lakes. The navigable connexions with the lake are—(1) with lake Hjelmar to the See also:south-See also:west by the Arboga See also:river and the Hjelmar See also:canal; and by the See also:Eskilstuna river and the Thorshalla canal; (2) with the Baltic southward through the See also:Sodertelge canal, the route followed by the See also:Gota canal steamers; (3) with the Baltic by two channels at See also:Stockholm. The more important towns, besides Stockholm, are See also:Vesteras on the See also:north, Sodertelge and Eskilstuna near the south See also:shore. The lake offers a See also:field for recreation fully appreciated by the inhabitants of the See also:capital, and many of those whose business lies at Stockholm have their residences on the shores of Malar. On Drottningholm (See also:Queen's See also:Island, named from See also:Catherine, wife of See also:John III.) is a See also:palace with a See also:fine See also:park and formal gardens. John III. built a palace at the See also:close of the 16th See also:century, but the existing See also:building, by Nicodemus See also:Tessin and his son Nicodemus, See also:dates from the second See also:half of the 17th century.

At Mariefred on the south shore there is the See also:

castle of Gripsholm (1537), built by Gustavus See also:Vasa, a picturesque erection with four towers, richly adorned within, and containing a large collection of portraits. Strengnas, on the same shore, became an episcopal see in 1291, when the fine See also:cathedral, much altered since, was consecrated. In the episcopal palace, a building of the 15th century now used as a school, Gustavus Vasa was elected to the See also:throne of Sweden in 1523. On the northward arm of the lake is the palace of Rosenberg, used as a school of gunnery, in a well-wooded park. On a See also:branch of the same arm is Sigtuna, a See also:village whose ruined churches are a memorial of its See also:rank among the See also:principal towns of Sweden after its See also:foundation in the 11th century. Remains prove that on Bjorko, an island in the eastern See also:part of the lake, there was a large See also:settlement of earlier importance than Sigtuna. Here a See also:cross commemorates the See also:preaching of See also:Christianity by St Ansgar in 829. Finally, on the See also:northern arm about to m. south oI Upsala, there is the See also:chateau of Skokloster, occupying the site of a monastery, and presented by Gustavus See also:Adolphus to See also:Marshal Herman See also:Wrangel, whose son See also:Charles Gustavus Wrangel stored it with a remarkable collection of trophies from See also:Germany, taken during the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War; including a library, an armoury, and a See also:great See also:accumulation of curios.

End of Article: MALAR

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