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RETHEL, ALFRED (1816–1859)

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 202 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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RETHEL, See also:ALFRED (1816–1859) , See also:German See also:historical painter, was See also:born at See also:Aix-la-Chapelle in 1816. He very See also:early showed an See also:interest in See also:art, and at the See also:age of thirteen he executed a See also:drawing which procured his See also:admission to the See also:academy of See also:Dusseldorf. Here he studied for several years, and produced, among other See also:works, a figure of St See also:Boniface which attracted much See also:attention. At the age of twenty he removed to See also:Frankfort, and was selected to decorate the walls of the imperial See also:hall in the Romer with figures of famous men. At the same See also:period he produced a See also:series of designs illustrative of Old Testament See also:history. Four years later he was the successful competitor for the See also:work of ornamenting the restored See also:council See also:house of his native See also:city with frescoes depicting prominent events in the career of See also:Charlemagne, but the See also:execution of this work was delayed for some six years. Meanwhile Rethel occupied himself with the See also:production of easel pictures and of drawings; and in 1842 he began a striking series of designs dealing with the " See also:Crossing of the See also:Alps by See also:Hannibal," in which the weird See also:power which animates his later art becomes first apparent. In 1844 Rethel visited See also:Rome, executing, along with other subjects, an See also:altar-piece for one of the churches of his native See also:land. In 1846 he returned to Aix, and commenced his Charlemagne frescoes. But See also:mental derangement, remotely attributable, it is believed, to an See also:accident from which he suffered in childhood, began to See also:manifest itself. While he hovered between madness and sanity, Rethel produced some of the most striking, individual and impressive of his works. See also:Strange legends are told of the effect produced by some of his weird subjects.

He painted " See also:

Nemesis pursuing a Murderer "—a See also:flat stretch of landscape, with a slaughtered See also:body, while in front is the See also:assassin speeding away into the darkness, and above an See also:angel of vengeance. The picture, so the See also:story goes, was won in a lottery at Frankfort by a personage of high See also:rank, who had been guilty of an undiscovered See also:crime, and the contemplation of his See also:prize drove him mad. Another See also:design which Rethel executed was " See also:Death the Avenger," a See also:skeleton appearing at a masked See also:ball, scraping daintily, like a violinist, upon two human bones. The drawing haunted the memory of his artist See also:friends and disturbed their dreams; and, in expiation, he produced his pathetic design of " Death the Friend." Rethel also executed a powerful series of drawings—" The See also:Dance of Death "—suggested by the Belgian insurrections of 1848. It is by such designs as these, executed in a technique founded upon that of See also:Durer, and animated by an See also:imagination akin to that of the See also:elder See also:master, that Rethel is most widely known. He died at Dusseldorf on the 1st of See also:December 1859. His picture of " See also:Peter and See also:John at the Beautiful See also:Gate of the See also:Temple," is preserved in the See also:Leipzig Museum, and his " St See also:Boni-See also:face " and several of his cartoons for the frescoes at Aix in the See also:Berlin See also:National See also:Gallery. His See also:Life, by Wolfgang See also:Muller von See also:Konigswinter, was published in 1861. See also Art See also:Journal, See also:November 1865.

End of Article: RETHEL, ALFRED (1816–1859)

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RETINITE (Gr. /o/T1vrt, resin)