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STOOL , a See also:low seat without back or arms. The stool is an See also:ancient piece of See also:furniture which came into use when the need began to be See also:felt for a seat more easily portable than heavy settles and benches—the See also:chair was an See also:appanage of See also:rank and dignity to which no See also:ordinary See also:person dreamed of aspiring. Since it could also be used as a small table, it quickly became See also:common. In the First See also:Book of The Task See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Cowper gives a See also:sketch of the See also:evolution of the stool which, for all its vapidity, is reasonably exact:
" See also:Joint stools were then created, on three legs
Upborn they stood. Three legs upholding See also:firm
A massy slab, in See also:fashion square or See also:round.
* * * *
At length a See also:generation more refined
Improved the See also:simple See also:plan; made three legs four,
Gave them a See also:twisted See also:form vermicular,
And o'er the seat, with plenteous See also:wadding stuff'd, Induc'd a splendid See also:cover, See also:green and See also:blue,
Yellow and red, of tap'stry richly wrought,
And See also:woven See also:close, or See also:needle-See also:work See also:sublime."
" Joint " or " joyned-stool " simply meant that the parts were joined or framed together with See also:mortise and tenon. The wooden four-legged, square or oblong variety is often called a " See also:coffin-stool." It may be perfectly true that it was used for supporting coffins, but that was merely one—and a very occasional one—of many uses, and the name is an entire misnomer. The round three-legged stool was a See also:primitive
construction, destitute of .See also:ornament and rudely, as well as heavily, made. By the See also:middle of the 16th See also:century stools had acquired four legs, braced together by stretchers, and the See also:frame was often well carved. As the See also:Renaissance impulse waned, forms relapsed into cumbrous and unadorned, and, so far as the See also:oak stool of the See also:yeoman and the See also:farmer was concerned, little ornamentation was attempted after the middle of the 17th century. These seats continued to be made until about the end of that See also:period—until, indeed, the increasing cheapness of the chair and the growth of habits of comfort caused it to fall into disuse. Towards the end of the See also:Stuart period the up-holstered stool reached See also:England from See also:France. It was not entirely unknown at an earlier date, but what had been an occasional luxury then became a common plenishing of the houses of the See also:rich. The legs and stretchers took the " twisted form vermicular " of which the poet speaks—so far as their under-framing was concerned these stools were, to all intents and purposes, chairs. Thenceforward, indeed, they followed very closely the fashions in seats with backs, acquiring the cabriole See also:leg, the claw and See also:ball or See also:pad feet, the carved knees and other characteristics of chairs. The footstool is probably more ancient than the stool itself. The See also:ducking-stool was a contrivance whereby scolding or drunken See also:women could be ducked in a See also:pond without danger. The stool of repentance was reserved, chiefly in See also:Scotland, for the public See also:penance of persons who had offended against morality. The " cutty-stool," which Jenny See also:Geddes threw—or, according to Dr See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill See also:Burton, did not throw—at the beginning of the riotous protests against See also:Laud's See also:Liturgy in St See also:Giles's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, See also:Edinburgh, in 1637, was of the fald-stool variety. " Cutty " simply means See also:short. A fald-stool was originally a folding stool used chiefly for ecclesiastical purposes. Eventually, while retaining the old name, it became rigid, and the designation has now been extended to a See also:litany-See also:desk. The See also:camp-stool is immediately derived from the See also:original form of the fald-stool. In France under the ancien regime, the stool, or tabouret, acquired a social and courtly significance of the first importance. The wives of princes, See also:dukes, and a few of the highest dignitaries of the See also:realm alone had the right to occupy a tabouret in the presence of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, and ladies who became widows used every expedient of intrigue to retain a See also:privilege which they regarded as the See also:summit of earthly felicity. The prise du tabouret, when a See also:lady first took See also:possession of her seat, was an occasion of considerable ceremony.
STOOL-BALL, a See also:game formerly very popular in England, and commonly considered as the ancestor of See also:cricket. See also:Joseph See also:Strutt, See also:writing in 18or, says of it: " I have been informed that a pastime called stool-ball is practised to this See also:day in the See also:northern parts of England, which consists simply in setting a stool upon the ground, and one of the players takes his See also:place before it, while his antagonist, See also:standing at a distance, tosses a ball with the intention of striking the stool, and this it is the business of the former to prevent by beating it away with the See also:hand, reckoning one to the game for every stroke of the ball; if, on the contrary, it should be missed by the hand and See also:touch the stool, the players See also:change places; the conqueror at this game is he who strikes the ball most times before it touches the stool. I believe the same also happens if the person who threw the ball can catch and retain it when driven back, before it touches the ground." Some variety of the game, with modifications due to the development of cricket, has probably been played even since these days.
End of Article: STOOL
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