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See also:BEBEL, See also:FERDINAND See also:AUGUST (184o— ) , See also:German socialist, was See also:born at See also:Cologne on the 22nd of See also:February 1840; he became a See also:turner and worked at See also:Leipzig. Here he took a prominent See also:part in the workmen's See also:movement and in the association of working men which had been founded under the See also:influence of See also:Schultz-See also:Delitzsch; at first an opponent of See also:socialism, he came under the influence of See also:Liebknecht, and after 1865 he was a confirmed See also:advocate of socialism. With Liebknecht he belonged to the See also:branch of the socialists which was in See also:close See also:correspondence with Karl See also:Marx and the See also:International, and refused to accept the leadership of See also:Schweitzer, who had attempted to carry on the See also:work after See also:Lassalle's See also:death. He was one of those who supported a See also:vote of want of confidence in Schweitzer at the See also:Eisenach See also:conference in 1867, from which his party was generally known as " the Eisenacher." In this See also:year he was elected a member of the See also:North German Reichstag for a Saxon See also:constituency, and, with an See also:interval from 1881-to 1883, remained a member of the German See also:parliament. His See also:great organizing See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent and. oratorical See also:power quickly made him one of the leaders of the socialists and their See also:chief spokesman in parliament. In 187o he and Liebknecht were the only members who did not vote the extraordinary See also:subsidy required for the See also:war with See also:France; the followers of Lassalle, on the other See also:hand, voted for the See also:government proposals. He was the only Socialist who was elected to the Reichstag in 1871, but he used his position to protest against the See also:annexation of See also:Alsace-See also:Lorraine and to See also:express his full sympathy with the See also:Paris See also:Commune. See also:Bismarck afterwards said that this speech of Bebel's was a " See also:ray of See also:light," showing him that Socialism was an enemy to be fought against and crushed; and in 1872 Bebel was accused in See also:Brunswick of preparation for high See also:treason, and condemned to two years' imprisonment in a fortress, and, forinsulting the German See also:emperor, to nine months' See also:ordinary imprisonment. After his See also:release he helped to organize, at the See also:congress of See also:Gotha, the See also:united party of Social Democrats, which had been formed during his imprisonment. After the passing of the Socialist See also:Law he continued to show great activity in the debates of the Reichstag, and was also elected a member of the Saxon parliament; when the See also:state of See also:siege was proclaimed in Leipzig he was expelled from the See also:city, and in 1886 condemned to nine months' imprisonment for taking part in a See also:secret society. Although the rules of the Social Democratic party do not recognize a See also:leader or See also:president, Bebel subsequently became by far the most influential member of the party. In the party meetings of 1890 and 1891 his policy was severely attacked, first by the extremists, the " See also:young " Socialists from See also:Berlin, who wished to abandon See also:parliamentary See also:action; against these Bebel won a See also:complete victory.
On the other See also:side he was involved in a See also:quarrel with Volmar and his school, who desired to put aside from immediate See also:consideration the complete attainment of the Socialist ideal, and proposed that the party should aim at bringing about, not a complete overthrow of society, but a See also:gradual amelioration. This conflict of tendencies continued, and Bebel came to be regarded as the chief exponent of the traditional views of the orthodox Marxist party. He was exposed to some natural ridicule on the ground that the " Kladderadatsch," which he often spoke of as imminent, failed to make its See also:appearance. On the other hand, though a strong opponent of militarism, he publicly stated that See also:foreign nations attacking See also:Germany must not expect the help or the See also:neutrality of the Social Democrats. His See also:book, See also:Die Frau and der Socialismus (1893), which went through many See also:editions and contained an attack on the institution of See also:marriage, identified him with the most extreme forms of Socialism.
See also Mehring, Geschichte der deutschen Social-Demokratie (See also:Stuttgart, 1898) ; Reports of the See also:Annual Meetings of the Social Democratic Party, Berlin Vorwarts See also:Publishing See also:Company (from 1890) ; B. See also:- RUSSELL (FAMILY)
- RUSSELL, ISRAEL COOK (1852- )
- RUSSELL, JOHN (1745-1806)
- RUSSELL, JOHN (d. 1494)
- RUSSELL, JOHN RUSSELL, 1ST EARL (1792-1878)
- RUSSELL, JOHN SCOTT (1808–1882)
- RUSSELL, LORD WILLIAM (1639–1683)
- RUSSELL, SIR WILLIAM HOWARD
- RUSSELL, THOMAS (1762-1788)
- RUSSELL, WILLIAM CLARK (1844– )
Russell, German Social-See also:Democracy (See also:London, 1897). (J. W.
End of Article: BEBEL, FERDINAND AUGUST (184o— )
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