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See also:LIEBKNECHT, WILHELM (1826-1900) , See also:German socialist, was See also:born at See also:Giessen on the 29th of See also:March 1826. See also:Left an See also:orphan at an See also:early See also:age, he was educated at the gymnasium in his native See also:town, and attended the See also:universities of Giessen, See also:Bonn and See also:Marburg. Before he left school he had become affected by the See also:political discontent then See also:general in See also:Germany; he had already studied the writings of St See also:Simon, from which he gained his first See also:interest in See also:communism, and had been converted to the extreme republican theories of which Giessen was a centre. He soon came into conflict with the authorities, and was expelled from See also:Berlin apparently in consequence of the strong sympathy he displayed for some Poles, who were being tried for high See also:treason. He proposed in 1846 to migrate to See also:America, but went instead to See also:Switzerland, where he earned his living as a teacher. As soon as the revolution of 1848 See also:broke out he hastened to See also:Paris, but the See also:attempt to organize a republican See also:corps for the invasion of Germany was prevented by the See also:government. In See also:September, however, in See also:concert with Gustav von See also:Struve, he crossed the See also:Rhine from Switzerland at the See also:head of a See also:band of See also:volunteers, and proclaimed a See also:republic in See also:Baden. The attempt collapsed; he was captured, and, after suffering eight months' imprisonment, was brought to trial. Fortunately for him, a new rising had just broken out; the See also:mob burst into the See also:court, and he was acquitted. During the See also:short duration of the revolutionary government he was an active member of the most extreme party, but on the arrival of the Prussian troops he succeeded in escaping to See also:France. Thence he went to See also:Geneva, where he came into intercourse with Mazzini; but, unlike most of the German exiles, he was already an adherent of the socialist creed, which at that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time was more strongly held in France. Expelled from Switzerland he went to See also:London, where he lived for thirteen years in See also:close association with Karl See also:Marx. He endured See also:great hardships, but secured a livelihood by teaching and See also:writing; he was a correspondent of the Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung. The See also:amnesty of 1861 opened for him the way back to Germany, and in 1862 he accepted the See also:post of editor of the Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, the founder of which was an old revolutionist. Only a few months elapsed before the See also:paper, passed under
See also:Bismarck's See also:influence. There• is no more curious See also:episode in German See also:history than the success with which Bismarck acquired the services of many of the men of 1848; but Litlaknecht remained faithful to his principles and resigned his editorship. He became a member of the Arbeiterverein, and after the See also:death of See also:Ferdinand See also:Lassalle he was the See also:chief See also:mouthpiece in Germany of Karl Marx, and was instrumental'in spreading the influence of the newly-founded See also:International. Expelled from See also:Prussia in 1865, he settled at See also:Leipzig, and it is primarily to his activity in See also:Saxony among the newly-formed unions of workers that the See also:modern social democrat party owes its origin: Here he conducted the Demokratisches Wocheieblatt. In 1867 he was elected a member of the See also:North German Reichstag; but in opposition to Lassalle's followers he refused all See also:compromise with the " capitalists," and avowedly used his position merely for purposes of agitation whilst taking every opportunity for making the See also:parliament ridiculous. He was strongly influenced by the " great German " traditions of the democrats of 1848, and, violently See also:anti-Prussian, he distinguished himself by his attacks on the policy of 1866 and the " revolution from above," and by his opposition to every See also:form of militarism. His adherence • to the traditions of 1848 are also seen in his dread of See also:Russia, which he maintained to his death. His opposition to the See also:war of 1876 exposed him to insults and violence, and in 1872 he was condemned to. two years' imprisonment in a fortress for treasonable intentions. The See also:union of the German Socialists in 1874 at the See also:congress of See also:Gotha was really a See also:triumph of his influence, and froth that tithe he was regarded as founder and See also:leader of the party. From 1874 till his death he was a member of the German Reichstag, and for many years also of the Saxon See also:diet. He was one of the chief spokesmen of the party, and he took a very important See also:part in directing its policy. In 1881 he was expelled from Leipzig, but took up his See also:residence in a neighbouring See also:village. After the See also:lapse of the Socialist See also:law (189o) he became chief editor of the Vorwdrts, and settled in Berlin. If he did not always find it easy in his later years to follow the new developments, he preserved to his death the See also:idealism of his youth, the hatred both of Liberalism and of See also:State See also:Socialism; and though he was to some extent overshadowed by See also:Bebel's greateroratbrical See also:power, he was the chief support of the orthodox 'Marxian tradition. Liebknecht was the author of numerous See also:pamphlets 'and books, of which the most important were:. Robert_ Blism and See also:seine Zeit (See also:Nuremberg, 1892); Geschichte der Franzbsisdhen Revolution (See also:Dresden, 1890); See also:Die Eraser Depesche (Nuremberg, 189'9) and See also:Robert See also:Owen (Nuremberg, 1892). He died at See also:Charlottenburg on the 6th of See also:August 1900.
See Kurt Eisner, Wilhelm Liebknecht, sein Leben and Wirken (Berlin, 1900).
End of Article: LIEBKNECHT, WILHELM (1826-1900)
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