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COLMAR, or KOLMAR

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Originally appearing in Volume V06, Page 696 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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COLMAR, or KOLMAR , a See also:town of See also:Germany, in the imperial See also:province of See also:Alsace-See also:Lorraine, formerly the See also:capital of the See also:department of Haut-Rhin in See also:France, on the Logelbach and Lauch, tributaries of the See also:Ill, 40 M. S.S.W. from See also:Strassburg on the See also:main See also:line of railway to See also:Basel. Pop. (1905) 41,582. It is the seat of the See also:government for Upper Alsace, and of the supreme See also:court of See also:appeal for Alsace-Lorraine. The town is surrounded by pleasant promenades, on the site of the old fortifications, and has numerous narrow and picturesque streets. Of its edifices the most remarkable are the See also:Roman See also:Catholic See also:parish See also:church of St See also:Martin, known also as the See also:Munster, dating from the 13th and 14th centuries, the Lutheran parish church (15th See also:century), the former Dominican monastery (1232-1289), known as "Unterlinden" and now used as a museum, the Kaufhaus (See also:trade-See also:hall) of the ,5th century, and the handsome government offices (formerly the Prefecture). Colmar is the centre of considerable textile See also:industries, comprising See also:wool, See also:cotton and See also:silk-See also:weaving, and has important manufactures of sewing See also:thread, See also:starch, See also:sugar and machinery. See also:Bleaching and See also:brewing are also carried on, and the neighbourhood is See also:rich in vineyards and See also:fruit-gardens. The considerable trade of the See also:place is assisted by a chamber of See also:commerce and a See also:branch of the Imperial See also:Bank (Reichsbank). Colmar (probably the See also:columbarium of the See also:Romans) is first mentioned, as a royal See also:villa, in a See also:charter of See also:Louis the Pious in 823, and it was here that See also:Charles the See also:Fat held a See also:diet in 884. It was raised to the status of a town and surrounded with walls by Wolfelin, See also:advocate (Landvogt) of the See also:emperor See also:Frederick II. in Alsace, a masterful and ambitious See also:man, whose accumulated See also:wealth was confiscated by the emperor in 1235, and who is said to have been murdered by his wife lest her portion should also be seized.

In 1226 Colmar became an imperial See also:

city, and the civic rights (Stadtrecht) conferred on it in 1274 by See also:Rudolph of See also:Habsburg became the See also:model for those of many other cities. Its civic See also:history is much the same as that of other See also:medieval towns: a struggle between the democratic See also:gilds and the aristocratic " families," which ended in 1347 in the inclusion of the former in the governing See also:body, and in the ,7th century in the See also:complete exclusion of the latter. In 1255 Colmar joined the See also:league of Rhenish cities, and in 1476 and 1477 took a vigorous See also:share in the struggle against Charles the Bold. In 1632, during the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War, it was taken by the Swedes, and in 1635 by the See also:French, who held it till after the See also:Peace of See also:Westphalia (1649). In 1673 the French again occupied it and dismantled the fortifications. In 1681 it was formally annexed to France by a See also:decree of Louis XIV.'s Chambre de See also:Reunion, and remained French till 1871, when it passed with Alsace-Lorraine to the new See also:German See also:empire. See " Annalen and Chronik von Kolmar," German See also:translation, G. H. See also:Pabst, in Geschichtsschreiber der deutschen Vorzeit (2nd ed., G. See also:Wattenbach, See also:Leipzig, 1897) ; Sigmund Billing, Kleine Chronik der Stadt Kolmar (Colmar, 1891); See also:Hand, Kolmar vor and wahrend seiner Entwickelung zur Reichssladt (Strassburg, 1899) ; J. Liblin, Chronique de Colmar, 58—1400 (See also:Mulhausen, I867—1868); T. F.

X. Hunkler, Gesch. der Stadt Kolmar (Colmar, 1838). For further references see Ulysse See also:

Chevalier, Repertoire See also:des See also:sources. Topobibliographie (See also:Montbeliard, 1894—1899) ; and Waltz, Bibliographie de la ville de Colmar (Mulhausen, 1902).

End of Article: COLMAR, or KOLMAR

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