Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

MULHAUSEN (Fr. Mulhouse)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 960 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

MULHAUSEN (Fr. Mulhouse) , a See also:town of See also:Germany, in Upper See also:Alsace, on the See also:Ill, an affluent of the See also:Rhine, and the Rhine-See also:Rhone See also:canal, about 56 in. S. of See also:Strassburg and 21 M. N.W. of See also:Basel by See also:rail. The old town, surrounded by arms of the Ill, has narrow and irregular streets, while to the See also:south, on the canal, See also:lie the handsome villas and promenades of the new town. Most of the older buildings have made way for factories, so that the town-See also:hall, dating from 1551, is an almost solitary See also:witness to the town's See also:medieval prosperity. The most important See also:interest of Mulhausen centres in the making of See also:cotton goods. This See also:industry was introduced in 1746, and has since prospered in the hands of several wealthy families which are closely connected by intermarriage, and lend each other support. A large See also:pro-portion of the inhabitants of the town and the neighbourhood is engaged in woollen and other textile manufactures, the products of which are exported to all parts of the See also:world. The manufactures of machinery, especially locomotives and railway plant, chemicals, and hardware are also important. A See also:note-worthy feature is the See also:attention paid by the manufacturers to the well-being of their workpeople. In 1853, Johann Heinrich Dollfus (r800-1887), See also:mayor of the town, founded the " artisans' town " (cite ouvriere) to the See also:north-See also:east of the old town, consisting of about 1200 See also:model dwellings with public See also:bath-, See also:wash- and See also:bake-houses, and library.

The houses were let on a See also:

system by which the occupant became the owner after the See also:payment of a certain number of instalments. Of See also:recent years, however, the operatives have moved into the suburbs, leaving the model houses of the " artisans' town " to small tradesmen. A " societe industrielle" for the encouragement of See also:original See also:discovery and invention among the workmen has existed since 1825, and there are various benevolent See also:societies. Mulhausen carries on an active See also:trade in See also:grain, See also:wine, colonial produce and See also:timber, which is facilitated by its See also:river See also:harbour. After the See also:annexation of Alsace to Germany in 1871 the See also:French sympathies of the inhabitants were shown by the extraordinary decrease in their number. The See also:population has since increased, amounting in 1905 to 94,514, of whom about two-thirds are See also:Roman Catholics. Mentioned as See also:early as 717, Mulhausen was raised to the See also:rank of a See also:free town of the See also:empire in 1198, and received very extensive privileges from See also:Rudolph of Hapsburg in 1273. It suffered considerably in the various See also:wars of the See also:middle ages, but generally managed to maintain its See also:independence. In 1466 it formed an See also:alliance with the Swiss, and this became a permanent See also:union in 1515. By the See also:peace of See also:Westphalia (1648) it was recognized as an See also:independent ally of the Swiss See also:League. In 1797 it soughtincorporation with See also:France from motives of commercial policy, and in 1871 it passed to Germany. See A.

Metzger, La Republique de Mulhouse 717–1798 (Basel, 1884) ; See also:

Schall, Das Arbeiteequartier von Mulhausen (See also:Berlin, 1877) ; Herkner, See also:Die ober-elsassische Saumwollindustrie and ihre Arbeiter (Strassburg, 1887) ; and E. Tournier, Mulhausen See also:im 16. Jahrhundert (Illyach, 1894). MULHEIM-AM-RHEIN, a town of Germany, in the Prussian Rhine See also:province, on the right See also:bank of the Rhine, 2 m. below See also:Cologne, of which it is practically a suburb, and on the See also:main lines of railway Cologne-See also:Dusseldorf and Cologne-See also:Elberfeld. Pop. (1905), 50,807. There are important manufactures of See also:silk, See also:ribbons, See also:velvet, See also:sailcloth, See also:tobacco, See also:vinegar, See also:yarn and chemicals, in addition to See also:rolling-See also:mills, See also:boiler See also:works, See also:telegraph works, breweries, tanneries and a See also:ship-See also:building yard. Mulheim also carries on a brisk trade by rail and river. Of See also:ancient See also:foundation, Mulheim received municipal rights in 1322. Its See also:industrial prosperity is in See also:great See also:part due to the influx of Protestants expelled from Cologne at the beginning of the 17th See also:century. In 1784 the town suffered severely from an inundation caused by the rapid breaking-up of the See also:ice on the Upper Rhine. MULHEIM-AN-DER-See also:RUHR, a town of Germany, in the Prussian Rhine province, on the Ruhr, an affluent of the Rhine, about 7 in.

W. from See also:

Essen and at the intersection of several See also:railways. Pop. (1905), 93,598. It has a See also:parish See also:church dating from the 12th century. Like most of the towns in this See also:district, Mulheim finds its See also:chief industry in See also:iron-working, and contains numerous blast-furnaces, rolling-mills, foundries and See also:engine-works; it also carries on manufactures of See also:leather, See also:wool, cotton, See also:calico, tobacco, See also:paper, See also:beer, and other See also:miscellaneous goods. An enormous See also:traffic, by river and rail, is carried on in See also:coal, and there is also a considerable trade in timber and colonial produce. In the neighbourhood are important See also:sandstone quarries, See also:glass-works, and a See also:carpet manufactory. Mulheim was formerly included in the duchy of See also:Berg, and became a town in 15o8. In 1815 it passed to See also:Prussia.

End of Article: MULHAUSEN (Fr. Mulhouse)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
MULGRAVE, EARLDOM OF 		[next]
MULJI, KURSENDAS (1832–1875)

Site © 2006 - Net Industries