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ESMARCH, JOHANNES FRIEDRICH AUGUST VO...

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Originally appearing in Volume V09, Page 771 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ESMARCH, JOHANNES See also:FRIEDRICH See also:AUGUST VON (1823-1908) , See also:German surgeon, was See also:born at Tonning, in See also:Schleswig-See also:Holstein, on the 9th of See also:January 1823. He studied at See also:Kiel and See also:Gottingen, and in 1846 became B. R. K. von See also:Langenbeck's assistant at the Kiel surgical See also:hospital. He served in the Schleswig-Holstein See also:War of 1848 as junior surgeon, and this directed his See also:attention to the subject of military See also:surgery. He was taken prisoner, but afterwards exchanged, and was then appointed as surgeon to a See also:field hospital. During the truce of 1849 he qualified as Privatdocent at Kiel, but on the fresh outbreak of war he returned to the troops and was promoted to the See also:rank of See also:senior surgeon. In 1854 he became director of the surgical clinic at Kiel, and in 1857 See also:head of the See also:general hospital and See also:professor at the university. During the Schleswig-Holstein War of 1864 Esmarch rendered See also:good service to the field hospitals of Flensburg, Sundewitt and Kiel. In 1866 he was called to See also:Berlin as member of the hospital See also:commission, and also to take the superintendence of the surgical See also:work in the hospitals there. When the Franco-German War See also:broke out in 187ohewas appointed surgeon-general to the See also:army, and afterwards consulting surgeon at the See also:great military hospital near Berlin. In 1872 he married Princess Henrietta of Schleswig-Holstein-See also:Sonderburg-Augustenburg, aunt of the Empress Auguste See also:Victoria.

In 1887 a patent of See also:

nobility was conferred on him. He died at Kiel on the 23rd of See also:February 1908. Esmarch was one of the greatest authorities on hospital management and military surgery. His Handbuch der kriegschirurgischen Technik was written for a See also:prize offered by the empress See also:Augusta, on the occasion of the See also:Vienna See also:Exhibition of 1877, for the best handbook for the battlefield of surgical appliances and operations. This See also:book is illustrated by admirable diagrams, showing the different methods of bandaging and dressing, as well as the surgical operations as they occur on the battlefield. Esmarch himself invented an apparatus, which bears his name, for keeping a See also:limb nearly bloodless during amputation. No See also:part of Esmarch's work is more widely known than that which deals with " First Aid," his First Aid on the Battlefield and First Aid to the Injured being popular manuals on the subject. The latter is the substance of a course of lectures delivered by him in 1881 to a " Samaritan School," the first of the See also:kind in See also:Germany, founded by Esmarch in 1881, in See also:imitation of the St See also:John's See also:Ambulance classes which had been organized in See also:England in 1878. These lectures were very generally adopted as a See also:manual for first aid students, edition after edition having been called for, and they have been translated into numerous See also:languages, the See also:English version being the work of H.R.H. Princess See also:Christian. No ambulance course would be See also:complete without ademonstration of the Esmarch bandage. It is a three-sided piece of See also:linen or See also:cotton, of which the See also:base See also:measures 4 ft. and the sides 2 ft.

10 in. It can be used folded or open, and applied in See also:

thirty-two different ways. It answers every purpose for temporary dressing and field-work, while its great recommendation is that the means for making it are always at See also:hand.

End of Article: ESMARCH, JOHANNES FRIEDRICH AUGUST VON (1823-1908)

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