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GILLYFLOWER , a popular name applied to various See also:flowers, but principally to the clove, Dianthus Caryophyllus, of which the See also:carnation is a cultivated variety, and to the stock, Matthiola incana, a well-known See also:garden favourite. The word is sometimes written gilliflower or gilloflower, and is reputedly a corruption of See also:July-See also:flower, " so called from the See also:month they See also:blow in." See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Phillips (1775–1838), in his See also:Flora historica, remarks that See also:Turner (1568) " calls it gelouer, to which he adds the word stock, as we would say gelouers that grow on a See also:stem or stock, to distinguish them from the clove-gelouers and the See also:wall-gelouers. See also:Gerard, who succeeded Turner, and after him See also:Parkinson, calls it gilloflower, and thus it travelled from its See also:original See also:orthography until it was called July-flower by those who knew not whence it was derived." Dr See also:Prior, in his useful See also:volume on the Popular Names of See also:British See also:Plants, very distinctly shows the origin of the name. He remarks that it was " formerly spelt gyllofer and gilofre with the o See also:long, from the See also:French girojlee, See also:Italian garofalo (M. See also:Lat. gariofilum), corrupted from the Latin Caryophyllum, and referring to the spicy odour of the flower, which seems to have been used in flavouring See also:wine and other liquors to replace the more costly clove of See also:India. The name was originally given in See also:Italy to plants of the See also:pink tribe, especially the carnation, but has in See also:England been transferred of See also:late years to several cruciferous plants." The gillyflower of See also:Chaucer and See also:Spenser and See also:Shakespeare was, as in Italy, Dianthus Caryophyllus; that of later writers and of gardeners, Matthiola. Much of the confusion in the names of plants has doubtless arisen from the vague use of the French terms giroflee, ceillet and violette, which were all applied to flowers of the pink tribe, but in England were subsequently extended and finally restricted to very different plants. The use made of the flowers to impart a spicy flavour to See also:ale and wine is alluded to by Chaucer, who writes:
" And many a clove gilofre
To put in ale ";
also by Spenser, who refers to them by the name of sops in wine, which was applied in consequence of their being steeped in the liquor. In both these cases, however, it is the clove-gillyflower which is intended, as it is also in the passage from Gerard, in which he states that the conserve made of the flowers with See also:sugar " is exceeding cordiall, and wonderfully above measure doth comfort the See also:heart, being eaten now and then." The See also:principal other plants which See also:bear the name are the wallflower, Cheiranthus Cheiri, called wall-gillyflower in old books; the See also:dame's See also:violet, Hesperia matronalis, called variously the See also:queen's, the See also:rogue's and the See also:winter gillyflower; the ragged-See also:robin, Lychnis Flos-cuculi, called See also:marsh-gillyflower and See also:cuckoo-gillyflower; the See also:water-violet, Hottonia palustris, called water-gillyflower; and the See also:thrift, Armeria vulgaris, called See also:sea-gillyflower. As a See also:separate designation it is nowadays usually applied to the wallflower.
End of Article: GILLYFLOWER
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