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close of the 1st century. Its descriptions of the worldliness and lawlessness which prevailed among the elders and pastors, i.e. the bishops and priests, of the wide-spread covetousness and vainglory as well as the growing heresies among Christians generally,' agree with similar accounts in 2 See also:

Peter, 2 See also:

Timothy and See also:

Clement of See also:

Rome. Various Titles.—See also:

ORIGEN (c. 185-c. 254)

Origen in his commentary on Matt. xiii.

57 (Lommatzsch iii. 4, 9) calls it A pocryph of See also:

Isaiah—'Air6epu¢ov 'Hoatov, See also:

EPIPHANIUS, SAINT (c. 315-402)

Epiphanius (Haer. xl. 2) terms it the See also:

Ascension of Isaiah—re avaflartePe 'Haaau, and similarly See also:

Jerome—Ascensio Isaiae. It was also known as the See also:

VISION (from Lat. videre, to see), or SIGHT

Vision of Isaiah and finally as the Testament of Hezekiah (see Charles, The Ascension of Isaiah, pp. xii.-xv.). The See also:

Greek See also:

ORIGINAL

Original and the Versions.—The See also:

BOOK

book was written in Greek, though not improbably the See also:

MIDDLE

middle portion, the Testament of Hezekiah, was originally composed in Semitic. The Greek in its original See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form, which we may denote by G, is lost. It has, however, been in See also:

PART

part preserved to us in two of its recensions, G' and G2. From G' the Ethiopic Version and the first Latin Version (consisting of ii. 13, Vii. 1-19) were translated, and of this recension the actual Greek has survived in a multitude of phrases in the Greek See also:

LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

Legend. G2 denotes the Greek See also:

TEXT (Lat. textum, woven fabric, from texere, to weave)

text from which the See also:

SLAVONIC, OLD

Slavonic and the second Latin Version (consisting of vi.-xi.) were translated. Of this recension ii.

4–iv. 2 have been discovered by Grenfell and See also:

Hunt.' For See also:

COMPLETE

complete details see Charles, op. cit. pp. xviii.-xxxiii.; also Flemming in Hennecke's NTliche A See also:

pole. Latin Version.—The first Latin Version (L') is fragmentary (=ii. 14-iii. 13, vii. 1-19). It was discovered and edited by See also:

MAI, ANGELO (1782—1854)

Mai in 1828 (Script. See also:

vet. nova collectio III. ii. 238), and reprinted by See also:

DILLMANN, CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH AUGUST (1823-1894)

Dillmann in his edition of 1877, and subsequently in a more correct form by Charles in his edition of 1900. The second version (L2), which consists of vi.-xi., was first printed at See also:

Venice in 1522, by See also:

GIESELER, JOHANN KARL LUDWIG (1792–1854)

Gieseler in 1832, Dillmann in 1877 and Charles in 1900. Ethiopic Version.—There are three See also:

MSS. This version is on the whole a faithful See also:

REPRODUCTION

reproduction of G'. These were used by Dillmann and subsequently by Charles in their See also:

EDITIONS

editions.

Different Elements in the Book.—The compositeness of this work is universally recognized. Dillmann's See also:

ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

analysis is as follows. (i.) Martyrdom of Isaiah, of Jewish origin; ii. I–iii. 12, v. 2-14. (ii.) The Vision of Isaiah, of Christian origin, vi. 1–xi. 1, 23-40. (iii.) The above two constituents were put together by a Christian writer, who prefixed i. 1, 2, 4b-13 and appended xi. 42, 43.

(iv.) Finally a later Christian editor incorporated the two sections iii. 13–v. I and xi. 2-22, and added i. 3, 4a, V. 15, 16, xi. 41. This analysis has on the whole been accepted by See also:

HARNACK, ADOLF (1851– )

Harnack, Schiirer, See also:

Deane and See also:

BEER

Beer. These scholars have been influenced by Gebhardt's statement that in the Greek Legend there is not a trace of iii. 13-v. I, xi. 2-22, and that accordingly these sections were absent from the text when the Greek Legend was composed.

But this statement is wrong, for at least five phrases or clauses in the Greek Legend are derived from the sections in question. Hence R. H. Charles has examined (op. cit. pp. xxxviii.-xlvii.) the problem de nova, and arrived at the following conclusions. The book is highly composite, and arbitrariness and disorder are found in every See also:

section. There are three original documents at its See also:

BASE

base. (i.) The Martyrdom of Isaiah = i. 1, 2a, 6b-13a, ii. 1-8, 10-iii. 12, V. Ib-14. This is but an imperfect survival of the original work.

Part of the original work omitted by the final editor of our book is preserved in the See also:

OPUS ('O7rois)

Opus imperfectum, which goes back not to our text, but to the original Martyrdom. (ii.) The Testament of Hezekiah=iii. 13b-iv. 18. This work is mutilated and without beginning or end. (iii.) The Vision of Isaiah =vi.-xi. 1-40. The archetype of this section existed independently in Greek; for the second Latin and the Slavonic Versions presuppose an See also:

INDEPENDENT

independent circulation of their Greek archetype in western and Slavonic countries. This archetype differs in many respects from the form in which it was republished by the editor of the entire work. We may, in See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short, put this complex See also:

MATTER

matter as follows: The conditions of the problem are sufficiently satisfied by supposing a single editor, who had three See also:

WORKS

works at his disposal, the Martyrdom of Isaiah, of Jewish origin, and the Testament of Hezekiah and the Vision of Isaiah, of Christian origin. These he reduced or enlarged as it suited his purpose, and put them together as they stand in our text. Some of the editorial additions are obvious, as i.

2b-6a, 13a, ji. 9, iii. 13a, iv. ta, 19-v. 1a, 15, 16, xi. 41-43. See also:

DATES

Dates of the Various Constituents of the Ascension.—(a) The Martyrdom is quoted by the Opus Imperfectum, See also:

Ambrose, Jerome, ' Published by them in the See also:

Amherst Papyri, an See also:

account of the Greek papyri in the collection of See also:

Lord Amherst (1900), and by Charles in his edition. xIV. 28History).

End of Article: ISANDHLWANA

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