ZULULAND . a See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

St Lucia, the larger of the two, is some 35 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

(180o to 2000 ft.), which See also:

• SEPARATE

The Umfolosi, with two main branches, the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

" Coast forests " grow in small patches along the lower courses of the rivers, at their mouths, and on the sandhills along the coast. They contain stunted See also:

• TIMBER

Of domestic animals the Zulus possess a See also:

• DWARF (A.S. dweorg, D. dwerg, Icel. dvergr)

The circumstances and See also:

• HISTORY

The royal kraal for a considerable See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

Somkele is the headquarters of the St Lucia See also:

• COAL

A railway, completed in 1904, which begins at Durban and crosses into Zululand by a See also:

• BRIDGE

Their selection and See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

History.—At what period the Zulu (one of a number of closely allied septs) first reached the country to which they have given their name is uncertain; they were probably settled in the valley of the White Umfolosi river at the beginning of the 17th century, and they take their name from a chief who flourished about that time. The earliest See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

Dingiswayo also encouraged trade and opened relations with the Portuguese at Delagoa Bay, bartering See also:

• IVORY (Fr. ivoire, Lat. ebur)
• IVORY, SIR JAMES (1765-1842)

E. Have-See also:

• LOCK (from the O. Eng. loc.; the word appears, in different forms, in many Teutonic languages, but with such various meanings as " hole," Ger. Loch, " lid," Swed. lock, &c.; probably the original was a root meaning " to enclose ")
• LOCK, MATTHIAS

Those who could fled before him, the first of importance so to do being a chief named Swangendaba (Sungandaba), whose tribe, of the same stock as the Zulu, was known as Angoni. He. was followed by another tribe, which under Manikusa for many years ravaged the district around and north of Delagoa Bay (see See also:

• GAZALAND

Farewell found British• the king at Umgungindhlovu, the royal kraal on the White Umfolosi, " surrounded by a large number of chief' and about 8eoo or 9000 armed men, observing a See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

In 1835 Dingaan gave permission to the British settlers at Port Natal to establish missionary stations in the country, in return for a promise made by the settlers not to See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

Dingaan passed into Swaziland in advance of his retreating forces, and was there murdered, while Panda was crowned king of Zululand by the Boers. When in 1843 the British succeeded the Boers as masters of Natal they entered into a treaty with Panda, who gave up to the British the country between the upper Tugela panda. and the Buffalo rivers, and also the district of St Lucia Bay. (The bay was not then occupied by the British, whose See also:

• OBJECT

Panda was a weaker and less able man, but kindly and really grateful, a very rare quality among Zulus. He used to kill sometimes, but never wantonly or continuously." remarkable degree the respect and liking of the Zulu. Panda died in October 1872, but practically the government of Zululand had been in Cetywayo's hands since the victory of 1856, owing both to political circumstances and the failing See also:

• HEALTH

The commission, however, effected nothing. In 1861 Umtonga, a brother of Cetywayo, fled to the Utrecht district, and Cetywayo assembled an army on that frontier. According to See also:

• EVIDENCE (Lat. evidentia, evideri, to appear clearly)

It is believed that he instigated the Kaffirs in the See also:

• TRANSKEI

These demands were made to Zulu deputies on the 11th of December 1878, a definite reply being required by the 31st of that See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

After the victory at Isandhlwana several impis of the Zulu army had Rarke's moved to the Drift. The See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

The camp was surprised, 62 out of 106 men were killed, and all the stores were 2 With the column were 40 Boers, the Uys clan, under Piet Uys. whose father had been killed in 1838 in the wars with Dingaan. lost. News of Isandhlwana reached England on the 1 th of February, and on the same day about ro,000 men were ordered out to South Africa. The first troops arrived at Durban on the 17th of March. On the 29th a column, under Lord Chelmsford, consisting of 3400 Europeans and 2300 natives, marched to the See also:

• RELIEF

The 1st See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

The Chaka See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

Usibepu, having created a formidable force of well-armed and trained warriors, and being left in See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

Dinizulu fled into the Transvaal. He surrendered himself to the British in November; in April 1889 he and two of his uncles (under whose influence he chiefly acted) were found guilty of high See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

In 1893 Sir M. Osborn was succeeded as resident commissioner by Sir See also:

• MARSHAL (med. Lat. marescalcus, from O.H.Ger. marah, horse, and scalc, servant)

At the close of the war the Natal government decided to allow white settlers in certain districts of Zululand, and a Lands Delimitation Commission was appointed. The commission, however, reported (1905) that four-fifths of Zululand was unfit for European habitation, and the remaining fifth already densely populated. The commissioners urged that the tribal system should be maintained. Meantime the coal mines near St Lucia Bay were opened up and connected with Durban by railway. At this time rumours were current of disaffection among the Zulu, but this was regarded as the effervescence natural after the war. In 1905 a poll tax of II on all adult males was imposed by the Natal legislature; this tax was the ostensible cause of a revolt in 1906 among the natives of Natal, who were largely of Zulu origin. Bambaata, the leader of the revolt, fled to Zululand. He took refuge in the dense bush in the Nkandhla highlands, where Cetywayo's See also:

• GRAVE

In all some 3500 Zulus were killed and about 3000 taken prisoners, the majority of the prisoners being released in 1907 (see further NATAL: History). Zululand re- mcined. however, in a disturbed condition, and a number of white traders and officials were murdered. Dinizulu had been accused of harbouring Bambaata, and in December 1907 the Natal government See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

He was sentenced to four years' imprisonment and deprived of his position as a government induna. Other Zulu chiefs were convicted of various offences and sentenced to imprisonment. At his trial Dinizulu was defended by W. P. Schreiner, ex-premier of Cape Colony, while See also:

• MISS