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See also:CETYWAYO ( ?-1884) , See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of the Zulus, was the eldest son of King Umpande or See also:Panda, and a 'See also:nephew of the two previous See also:kings, Dingaan and Chaka. Cetywayo was a See also:young See also:man when in 1840 his See also:father was placed on the See also:throne by the aid of the See also:Natal Boers; and three years later Natal became a See also:British See also:colony. Cetywayo had inherited much of the military See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent of his See also:uncle Chaka, the organizer of the Zulu military See also:system, and chafed under his father's peaceful policy towards his British and See also:Boer neighbours. Suspecting Panda of favouring a younger son, Umbulazi, as his successor, Cetywayo made See also:war on his See also:brother, whom he defeated and slew at a See also:great See also:battle on the See also:banks of the See also:Tugela in See also:December 1856. In the following See also:year, at an See also:assembly of the Zulus, it was resolved that Panda should retire from the mangement of the affairs of the nation, which were entrusted to Cetywayo, though the old See also:chief kept the See also:title of king. Cetywayo was, however, suspicious of the Natal See also:government, which afforded See also:protection to two of his See also:brothers. The feeling of distrust was removed in 1861 by a visit from Mr (afterwards See also:Sir) See also:Theophilus See also:Shepstone, secretary for native affairs in Natal, who induced Panda to proclaim Cetywayo publicly as the future king. Friendly relations were then maintained between the Zulus and Natal for many years. In 1872 Panda died, and Cetywayo was declared, king, See also:August 1893, in the presence of Shepstone, to whom he made See also:solemn promises to live at See also:peace with his neighbours and to govern his See also:people more humanely. These promises were not kept. Not only were See also:numbers of his own people wantonly slain (Cetywayo returning defiant messages to the See also:governor of Natal when remonstrated with), and the military system of Chaka and Dingaan strengthened, but he had a See also:feud with the See also:Transvaal Boers as to the See also:possession of the territory between the See also:Buffalo and Pongola See also:rivers, and encouraged the chief Sikukuni (Secocoeni) in his struggle against the Boers. This feud with the Boers was inherited by the British government on the See also:annexation of the Transvaal in 1877. Cetywayo's attitude became menacing; he allowed a See also:minor chief to make raids into the Transvaal, and seized natives within the Natal border.
Sir Bartle See also:Frere, who became high See also:commissioner of See also:South See also:Africa in See also:March 1877, found See also:evidence which convinced him that the Kaffir revolt of that year on the eastern border of Cape Colony was See also:part of a See also:design or See also:desire " for a See also:general and simultaneous rising of Kaffirdom against See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:civilization "; and the See also:Kaffirs undoubtedly looked to Cetywayo and the Zulus as the most redoubtable of their champions. In December 1878 Frere sent the Zulu king an See also:ultimatum, which, while awarding him the territory he claimed from the Boers, required him to make reparation for the outrages committed within the British See also:borders, to receive a British See also:resident, to disband his regiments, and to allow his young men to marry without the See also:necessity of having first " washed their spears." Cetywayo, who had found a defender in See also:Bishop See also:Colenso, vouchsafed no reply, and See also:Lord See also:Chelmsford entered See also:Zululand, at the See also:head of 13,000 troops, on the 11th of See also:January 1879 to enforce the British demands. The disaster of See also:Isandhlwana and the See also:defence of Rorke's See also:Drift signalized the commencement of the See also:campaign, but on the 4th of See also:July the Zulus were utterly routed at See also:Ulundi. Cetywayo became a fugitive, but was captured on the 28th of August. His See also:kingdom was divided among thirteen chiefs and he himself taken to Cape See also:Town, whence he was brought to See also:London in
August 1882. He remained in See also:England less than a See also:month, during which See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time the government (the second See also:Gladstone See also:administration) announced that they had decided upon his restoration. To his great disappointment, however, restoration proved to refer only to a portion of his old kingdom. Even there one of his kinsmen and chief enemies, Usibepu, was allowed to retain the territory allotted to him in 1879. Cetywayo was reinstalled on the 29th of January 1883 by Shepstone, but his enemies, headed by Usibepu, attacked him within a See also:week, and after a struggle of nearly a year's duration he was defeated and his See also:kraal destroyed. He then took See also:refuge in the Native Reserve, where he died on the 8th of See also:February 1884. For a See also:quarter of a See also:century he had been the most conspicuous native figure in South Africa, and had been the cause of See also:long and See also:bitter See also:political controversy in Great See also:Britain.
His son DINIzuLu afterwards attempted to become king, was exiled (1889) to St See also:Helena, permitted to return (1898), and granted the position of a chief. In December 1907 Dinizulu was imprisoned at Maritzburg, being suspected of complicity in the revolt which had occurred in Zululand the previous year. He was kept many months waiting trial, there being considerable See also:friction between the colonial government and the British government over the incident. He was eventually brought to trial in See also:November 1908 before a See also:special See also:court, his defence (to the cost of which the British government contributed £2000) being undertaken by Mr W. P. Schreiner. The trial was not concluded until March 1909. The See also:charge of high See also:treason was not proved, but Dinizulu was convicted of harbouring rebels and was sentenced to four years' imprisonment.
The See also:Life of Sir Bartle Frere, by See also:John See also:Martineau, vol. ii. chaps. 18 to 21, contains much See also:information concerning Cetywayo.
End of Article: CETYWAYO ( ?-1884)
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