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See also:CEUTA (Arabic Sebta) , a See also:Spanish military and convict station and seaport on the See also:north See also:coast of See also:Morocco, in 35° 54' N., 5 18' W. Pop. about 13,000. It is situated on a promontory connected with the mainland by a narrow See also:isthmus. This promontory marks the See also:south-eastern end of the straits of See also:Gibraltar, which between Ceuta and Gibraltar have a width of 14 M. The promontory terminates in a bold headland, the Montagne See also:des Singes, with seven distinct peaks. Of these the highest is the See also:Monte del Hacko, the See also:ancient Abyla, one of the " Pillars of See also:Hercules," which faces Gibraltar and rises 636 ft. above the See also:sea. On the westernmost point—Almina, 476 ft. high—is a lighthouse with a See also:light visible for 23 M. Ceuta consists of two quarters, the old See also:town, covering the See also:low ground of the isthmus, and the See also:modern town, built on the hills forming the north and See also:west faces of the See also:peninsula. Between the old and new quarters and on the north See also:side of the isthmus lies the See also:port. The public buildings in the town, thoroughly Spanish in its See also:character, are not striking: they include the See also:cathedral (formerly a See also:mosque), the See also:governor's See also:palace, the town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, See also:barracks, and the convict See also:prison in the old See also:convent of See also:San Francisco. Ceuta has been fortified seaward, the See also:works being furnished with modern See also:artillery intended to command the entrance to the Mediterranean. Landward are three lines of See also:defence, the inner See also:line stretching completely across the isthmus. These fortifications, which date from the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the Portuguese occupation, have been partly modernized. The citadel, El Hacho, built on the See also:neck of the isthmus, See also:dates from the 15th See also:century. The See also:garrison consists of between 3000 and 4000 men, inclusive of a disciplinary See also:corps of military convicts. Of the See also:rest of the See also:population about 2000 are civilian convicts; and there are colonies of See also:Jews, negroes and See also:Moors, the last including descendants of Moors transferred to Ceuta from See also:Oran when See also:Spain abandoned that See also:city in 1796.
Ceuta occupies in See also:part the site of a Carthaginian See also:colony, which was succeeded by a See also:Roman colony said to have been called Ad Septem Fratres and also Exilissa or See also:Lissa Civitas. From the See also:Romans the town passed to the See also:Vandals and afterwards to See also:Byzantium, the See also:emperor Justinian restoring its fortifications in 535. In 618 the town, then known as Septon, See also:fell into the hands of the Visigoths. It was the last stronghold in North See also:Africa which held out against the See also:Arabs. At that date (A.D. 711) the governor of the town was the See also:Count See also:Julian who, inrevenge for the betrayal of his daughter by See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:Roderick of See also:Toledo, invited the Arabs to See also:cross the straits under Tarik and conquer Spain for See also:Islam. By the Arabs the town was called Cibta or Sebta, hence the Spanish See also:form Ceuta. From the date of its occupation by the Arabs the town had a stormy See also:history, being repeatedly captured by See also:rival See also:Berber and Spanish-Moorish dynasties. It became nevertheless an important commercial and See also:industrial city, being noted for its See also:brass See also:ware, its See also:trade in See also:ivory, See also:gold and slaves. It is said to have been the first See also:place in the West where a See also:paper manufactory was established. In 1415 the town was captured by the Portuguese under See also:John I., among those taking part in the attack being See also:Prince See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry " the Navigator " and two of his See also:brothers, who were knighted on the See also:day following in the mosque (hastily dedicated as a See also:Christian See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church). Ceuta passed to Spain in 158o on the subjugation of See also:Portugal by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip II., and was definitely assigned to the Spanish See also:crown by the treaty of See also:Lisbon in 1688. The town has been several times unsuccessfully besieged by the Moors—one See also:siege, under Mulai See also:Ismail, lasting twenty-six years (1694-1720). In 181o, with the consent of Spain, it was occupied by See also:British troops under See also:General See also:Sir J. F. See also:Fraser. The town was restored to Spain by the British at the See also:close of the See also:Napoleonic See also:Wars. As the result of the See also:war between Spain and Morocco in 186o the See also:area of Spanish territory around the town was increased. The military governor of the town also commands the troops in the other Spanish stations on the coast of Morocco. For See also:civil purposes Ceuta is attached to the See also:province of See also:Cadiz. It is a See also:free port, but does little trade.
See de Prado, Recuerdos de Africa; historia de la plaza de Ceuta (See also:Madrid, 1859--186o); Budgett Meakin, The See also:Land of the Moors (See also:London, 1901), See also:chap. xix., where many works dealing with Spanish Morocco are cited.
End of Article: CEUTA (Arabic Sebta)
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