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See also:ZUMALACARREGUI, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
THOMAS (1788–1835) , See also:Spanish Carlist See also:general, was See also:born at Ormaiztegui in See also:Navarre on the 29th of See also:December 1788. His See also:father, Francisco See also:Antonio Zumalacarregui, was a lawyer who possessed some See also:property, and the son was articled to a See also:solicitor. When the See also:French invasion took See also:place in 18o8 he enlisted at See also:Saragossa. He served in the first See also:siege, at the See also:battle of See also:Tudela, and during the second siege until he was taken prisoner in a sortie. He succeeded in escaping and in reaching his See also:family in Navarre. For a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he served with Gaspar de See also:Jauregui, known as" The Shepherd " (El Pastor), one of the See also:minor guerrillero leaders. But Zumalacarregui, who was noted for his See also:grave .and silent disposition and his strong religious principles, disliked the disorderly See also:life of the guerrillas, and when See also:regular forces were organized in the See also:north he entered the 1st See also:battalion of See also:Guipuzcoa as an officer. During the See also:remainder of the See also:war he served in the regular See also:army. In 1812 he was sent with despatches to the Regency at See also:Cadiz, and received his See also:commission as See also:captain. In that See also:rank he was See also:present at the battle of See also:San Marcial (31st of See also:August 1813). After the restoration of See also:Ferdinand VII. he continued in the army, and is said to have made a careful study of the theory of war. Zumalacarregui had no sympathy with the liberal principles which were spreading in See also:Spain, and became noted as what was called a Servil or strong Royalist. He attracted no See also:attention at headquarters, and was still a captain when the revolution of 1820 See also:broke out. His See also:brother See also:officers, whose leanings were liberal, denounced him to the revolutionary See also:government, and asked that the might be removed. The recommendation was not acted on, but Zumalacarregui knew of it, and laid up the
See also:Zululand made See also:part of See also:Natal.
The Re-volt of 1906. Dlntzula's trial.
offence in his mind. Finding that he was suspected (probably with truth) of an intention to bring the soldiers over to the royalist See also:side, he escaped to See also:France. In 1823 he returned as an officer in one of the royalist regiments which had been organized on French See also:soil by the consent of the government. He was now known as a thoroughly trustworthy servant of the despotic See also:royalty, but he was too proud to be a courtier. For some years he was employed in bringing regiments which the government distrusted to See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order. He became See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel in 1825 and colonel in 1829. In 1832 he was named military See also:governor of See also:Ferrol. Before Ferdinand VII. died in 1833, Zumalacarregui was marked out as a natural supporter of the absolutist party which favoured the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's brother, See also:Don See also:Carlos. The See also:proclamation of the king's daughter See also:Isabella as heiress was almost the occasion of an armed conflict between him and the See also:naval authorities at Ferrol, who were partisans of the constitutional cause. He was put on See also:half pay by the new authorities and ordered to live under See also:police observation at See also:Pamplona. When the Carlist rising began on the See also:death of Ferdinand he is said to have held back because he knew that the first leaders would be politicians and talkers. He did not take the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field till the Carlist cause appeared to be at a very See also:low ebb, and until he had received a commission from Don Carlos as See also:commander-in-See also:chief in Navarre. The whole force under his orders when he escaped from Pamplona on the See also:night of the 29th of See also:October 1833, and took the command next See also:day in the Val de Araquil, was a few See also:hundred See also:ill-armed and dispirited guerrilleros. In a few months Zumalacarregui had organized the Carlist forces into a regular army. The difficulty he found in obtaining supplies was very See also:great, for the See also:coast towns—and notably See also:Bilbao—were constitutional in politics. It was mainly by captures from the government troops that he equipped his forces. He gradually obtained full See also:possession of Navarre and the Basque provinces, outside of the fortresses, which he had not the means to besiege. Whether as a guerrillero See also:leader, or as a general conducting regular war in the mountains, he proved unconquerable. By See also:July 1834 he had made it safe for Don Carlos to jcin his headquarters. The pretender was, however, a narrow-minded, bigoted See also:man, who regarded Zumalacarregui with suspicion, and was afraid of his immense See also:personal See also:influence with the soldiers.Zumalacarregui had therefore to See also:drag behind him the whole See also:weight of the distrust and intrigues of the See also:court. Yet by the beginning of See also:June 1835 he had made the Carlist cause triumphant to the north of the See also:Ebro, and had formed an army of more than 30,000 men, of much better quality than the constitutional forces. If Zumalacarregui had been allowed to follow his own plans, which were to concentrate his forces and See also:march on See also:Madrid, he might well have put Don Carlos in possession of the See also:capital. But the court was eager to obtain command of a seaport, and Zumaiacarregui was ordered to besiege Bilbao. He obeyed reluctantly, and on the 14th of June 1835 was wounded by a See also:musket See also:bullet in. the See also:calf of the See also:leg. The See also:wound was trifling and would probably have been cured with ease if he had been allowed to employ an See also:English See also:doctor whom he trusted. But Don Carlos insisted on sending his own physicians, and in their hands the general died on the 24th of June 1835—not without suspicion of See also:poison. Zumalacarregui was a See also:fine type of the old royalist and religious principles of his See also:people. The ferocity with which he conducted the war was forced on him by the government generals, who refused See also:quarter.
An engaging See also:account of Zumalacarregui will be found in The Most Striking Events of a Twelvemonth See also:Campaign with Zumalacarregui in Navarre and the Basque Provinces, by C. F. Henningsen (See also:London, 1836). A See also:chap-See also:book called See also:Vida politica y militar de Don Tomas Zumalacarregui, which gives the facts of his life with See also:fair accuracy, is still very popular in Spain. (D.
End of Article: ZUMALACARREGUI, THOMAS (1788–1835)
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