|
See also:MASSENBACH, See also:CHRISTIAN KARL See also:AUGUST See also:LUDWIG VON (1958-1827) , Prussian soldier, was See also:born at See also:Schmalkalden on the 16th of See also:April 1758, and educated at See also:Heilbronn and See also:Stuttgart, devoting himself chiefly to See also:mathematics. He became an officer of the See also:Wurttemberg See also:army in 1778, and See also:left this for the service of See also:Frederick the See also:Great in 1782. The pay of his See also:rank was small, and his See also:appointment on the quartermaster-See also:general's See also:staff made it necessary to keep two horses, so that he had to write mathematical school-books in his spare See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time to eke out his resources. He was far however from neglecting the See also:science and See also:art of See also:war, for thus See also:early he had begun to make his name as a theorist as well as a mathematician. After serving as instructor in mathematics to the See also:young See also:prince See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, he took See also:part with See also:credit in the expedition into See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, and was given the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order Pour le Write. On returning to See also:Prussia he became mathematical instructor at the school of military See also:engineering, leaving this See also:post in 1792 to take part as a general staff officer in the war against See also:France. He was awarded a prebend at See also:Minden for his services as a topographical engineer on the See also:day of Valmy, and after serving through the See also:campaigns of 1793 and 1794 he published a number of See also:memoirs on the military See also:history of these years. He was chiefly occupied however with framing schemes for the reorganization of the then neglected general staff of the Prussian army, and many of his proposals were accepted. Bronsart von Schellendorf in his Duties of the General Staff says of Massenbach's See also:work in this connexion, " the organization which he proposed and in the See also:main carried out survived even the catastrophes of 1806–1807, and exists even at the See also:present moment in its See also:original outline." This must be accounted as high praise when it is remembered how much of the responsibility for these very disasters must be laid to Massenbach's See also:account. The permanent gain to the service due to his exertions was far more than formal, for it is to him that the general staff owes its tradition of thorough and patient individual effort. But the actual See also:doctrine taught by Massenbach, who was now a See also:colonel, may be summarized as the doctrine of positions carried to a ludicrous excess; the claims put forward for the general staff, that it was to prepare cut-and-dried plans of operations in See also:peace which were to be imposed on the See also:troop leaders in war, were derided by the responsible generals; and the memoirs on proposed plans of See also:campaign to suit certain See also:political combinations were worked out in quite unnecessary detail. It was noteworthy that none of the proposed plans of campaign considered France as an enemy.
In 1805 came threats of the war with See also:Napoleon which Massenbach had strongly opposed. He was made quartermaster-general (See also:chief of staff) to Prince See also:Hohenlohe; over whom he soon obtained a fatal ascendancy. War was averted for a moment by the result of the See also:battle of See also:Austerlitz, but it See also:broke out in See also:earnest in See also:October 18o6. Massenbach's See also:influence clouded all the Prussian operations. The battles of See also:Jena and Auerstadt were lost, and the See also:capitulation of Prince Hohenlohe's army was negotiated. Even suggestions of disloyalty were not wanting; an See also:attempt to try him by See also:court-See also:martial was only frustrated by Prince Hohenlohe's See also:action in taking upon himself, as commanderin-chief, the whole responsibility for Massenbach's actions. He then retired to his See also:estate in the See also:Posen See also:province, and occupied himself in See also:writing See also:pamphlets, memoirs, &c. When his estates passed into the See also:grand duchy of See also:Warsaw, he See also:chose to remain a Prussian subject, and on the outbreak of the war of liberation he asked in vain for a post on the Prussian staff. After the fall of Napoleon he took part in Wurttemberg politics, was expelled from Stuttgart and See also:Heidelberg, and soon afterwards arrested at Frankfurt, delivered over to the Prussian authorities and condemned to fourteen years' fortress imprisonment for his alleged publication of See also:state secrets in his memoirs. He was kept inprison till 1826, when Frederick See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III., having recovered from an See also:accident, pardoned those whom he considered to have wronged him most deeply. He died on the 21st of See also:November 1827, at his estate of Bialokoscz, Posen.
The obituary in Neuer Nekrolog der Deutschen, pt. ii. (See also:Ilmenau, 1827) is founded on a memoir (Der Oberst C. v. Massenbach) which was published at the beginning of his imprisonment.
End of Article: MASSENBACH, CHRISTIAN KARL AUGUST LUDWIG VON (1958-1827)
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!