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ORDER V
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See also:ORDER V .—Tetracotylea (Taeniidae). Scolex with four suckers, rarely hooked, and with a rostellum. Mostly parasitic in homoiothermic (warm-blooded) vertebrates. Selected forms: See also:Taenia solium, See also:intestine of See also:man (fig. 3, C). T. saginata (fig. 3) without hooklets on the rostellum; intestine of man. T. murina, in the See also:rat and See also:mouse, the adult in the lumen of the intestine, the larvae in the villi. ,This See also:species therefore undergoes no See also:change of See also:host. Cystotaenia coenurus, intestine of See also:dog and See also:wolf, larva (a coenurus, fig. i i) in the See also:brain of See also:sheep; allied forms occur mature in the dog and larval in the See also:rabbit. Echinococcifer echinococcus, a See also:minute See also:form with only three to five proglottides, in dog, wolf, See also:jackal. Larval See also:stage a multilocular See also:sac (fig. II B) with many scolices; found in man, ungulates, carnivores, rodents and monkeys.
Table of Cestodes found in Man
Dibothriocephalus latus (L.) Plerocercoid See also:Pike, See also:perch, See also:trout,
&c.
Dibothriocephalus cordalus Unknown
(Leuck.)
Diplogonoporus grandis
(Blanch.)
Dipylidium caninum (L.) . Cysticercoid Trichodectes canis;
Pulex serraticeps;
P. irritans
Ilymenolepis dirninnata Cysticercus Asopia far-
(Rud.) inalis
Anisolabis
annulipes Insecta
Acisspinosa
Seaurus
striatus
H. nana (v. Sieb.) . Cysticercus See also:Insects and myria-
pods
Drepanidotaenia lanceolata Cysticercoid Cyclops, Diaplomus
(See also:Bloch)
Davainea nzadagascarensis Unknown
(See also:Day.)
Davainea (?) asiatica Taenia solium (L.).
7'. saginata (Gotze)
T. africana (v. Linst.) . T. confusa (See also: See also:Hornell, See also:Ceylon See also:Pearl See also:Oyster See also:Report, See also:London, The Royal Society, See also:part ii. p. 77, part iii. p. 449, part v. p. 43, 1903—7; (7) W. B. See also:Spencer " Gyrocotyle=Amphiptyches," Trans. See also:Roy. See also:Soc., See also:Victoria, vol. i. (1889); (8) S. Goto, " Homology of Genital Ducts," Centralbl. f. Bact. u. Parasilenkunde, vol. 14 (1893), p. 797; (9) Mrazek, Archigetes," Verhandl. d. bohm. Akad. Sci. (See also:Prague, 1897). Full references to further literature will be found in Braun's See also:works. (F. W. GA.) See also:Medicine.—For See also:practical purposes we have only three varieties of See also:tapeworms to See also:deal with as inhabitants of the human alimentary See also:canal: Taenia saginata, the See also:beef tapeworm; Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm; and Dibothriocephalus latus, the See also:fish tapeworm. The first of these is prevalent in countries where much and imperfectly cooked beef is eaten, and where See also:cattle in their turn are exposed to the infection of the tapeworm ova. Comparatively uncommon in Western See also:Europe, the Taenia saginata is See also:common in Eastern Europe, See also:Asia and See also:South See also:America. It is calculated that in the See also:North-See also:West Provinces of See also:India 5 per cent. of the cattle are affected with cysticerci owing to the filthy habits of the See also:people. Measly beef (that infected with the Cysticercus bovis) is easily recognized. In See also:Berlin the proportion of cattle said to be found infected on inspection in 1893 was 1 in 672. See also:Cold storage for a See also:period of over three See also:weeks is said to kill the cysticercus. The tapeworm most frequently found in man in Western Europe is the Taenia solium, which is See also:constant wherever pork is consumed, and is more common in parts where raw or imperfectly cooked pork is eaten. In North See also:Germany the mature tapeworm was found on See also:post-mortem examination once in every 200 bodies examined, while its embryo, the Cysticercus cellulosae, was found in I in every 76 bodies. In See also:France, See also:Great See also:Britain and the See also:United States the prevalence is not so great. The Dibothriocephalus latus is not generally found except in districts bordering the Baltic See also:Sea, the districts See also:round the Franco-Swiss lakes and See also:Japan. In St See also:Petersburg 15 per cent. of the in-habitants are said to be affected. The eggs are See also:free in fresh-See also:water lakes and See also:rivers, where they enter the bodies of pike, turbot and other fishes, and are thus eaten by man. In many instances the existence of a tapeworm may not cause any inconvenience to its host, and its presence may be only made known by the presence of the proglottides or mature segments in the stools. In the Taenia solium it takes 3 to 32 months from the See also:time of ingestion of the embryo to the passage of the matured segments, but in the Taenia saginata the time is only about 6o days. The segments of the Taenia solium are usually given off in chains, those of the Taenia saginata singly. In a number of cases there are colicky pains in the See also:abdomen, with See also:diarrhoea or See also:constipation and more or less See also:anaemia, while the Dibothriocephalus latus is capable of producing a profound and severe anaemia closely resembling pernicious anaemia. The knowledge of the presence of the See also:parasite adversely affects See also:nervous people and may See also:lead to See also:mental depression and hypochondria. Nervous phenomena, such as chorea and epileptic seizures, have been attributed to the presence of the tapeworm. The prophylaxis is important in order to limit the spread of the parasites. All segments passed should be burnt, and they should never be thrown where the embryos may become scattered. See also:Attention should be paid to the careful cooking of See also:meat, so that any parasite See also:present should be killed. Efficient inspection of meat in the abattoirs should eliminate a large proportion of the diseased animals. In the treatment of a See also:case where the parasite is already present, for two days previous to the employment of a vermifuge a See also:light See also:diet should be given and the bowels moved by a purgative. For twelve See also:hours previously to its See also:administration no See also:food should be given, in order that the intestinal See also:tract should be empty so as to expose the tapeworm to the full See also:action of the See also:drug. The vermifuge is given in the See also:early See also:morning, and should consist of the liquid See also:extract of See also:felix mas, male See also:fern, one drachm in emulsion or in capsules to be followed in See also:half an See also:hour by a See also:calomel purgative. See also:Castor-oil should not he used as a purgative. See also:Pomegranate See also:root, or, better, the sulphate of pelletierine in dose of 5 grains with an equal quantity of tannic See also:acid, may be used to replace the male fern. In from 5o to 8o per cent. of cases the entire tapeworm is expelled. The See also:head must be carefully searched for by the physician, as should it fail to be brought-away the parasite continues to grow, and within a few months the segments again begin to appear. Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
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