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PLUMBING

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 856 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PLUMBING , properly working in See also:

lead (See also:Lat. plumbum), now a See also:term embracing all See also:work not only in lead, but also in See also:tin, See also:zinc and other metals, connected with the See also:installation, fitting, repairing, soldering, &c., of pipes for See also:water, See also:gas, drainage, on cisterns, See also:roofs and the like in any See also:building, i.e. the See also:general work of a plumber. (See BUILDING and See also:SEWERAGE.) (After Sadebeck. From Lehrbuch der Botanik, of Gustav See also:Fischer.) Taphrina Pruni.—Transverse See also:section through the epidermis of an infected See also:plum. Four ripe See also:asci, al, See also:a2, with eight spores a1, See also:a4, with yeast-like conidia abstricted from the spores. st, Stalk-cells of the asci. m, Filaments of the mycelium cut transversely. cut, Cuticle. ep, Epidermis. Strasburger's by permission See also:PLUMPTRE-See also:PLUNKET, .See also:BARON In 1798 he entered the Irish See also:parliament as member for See also:Charlemont. He was an See also:anti-Jacobin Whig of the school of See also:Burke, not ungracefully filled with a fervent Irish patriotism. But he was a sincere admirer of the constitutional See also:government of See also:England as established in 1688; he even justified the ascendancy it had given to the Established See also:Church, although he thought that the See also:time had arrived for extending See also:toleration to See also:Roman Catholics and dissenters. To See also:transfer it to See also:Ireland as thus modified, and under an See also:independent legislature. was the only reform he sought for his See also:country; he opposed the See also:union because he thought it incompatible with this See also:object.

When Plunket entered the Irish parliament, the Irish Whig party was almost See also:

extinct, and See also:Pitt was feeling his way to accomplish the union. In this he was seconded ably by See also:Lord Castlereagh, by the panic caused by a See also:wild insurrection, and by the See also:secession of See also:Grattan from politics. When, however, the measure was brought forward, among the ablest and fiercest of its adversaries was Plunket, whose See also:powers as a See also:great orator were now universally recognized. His speeches raised him immediately to the front See also:rank of his party; and when Grattan re-entered the moribund See also:senate he took his seat next to Plunket, thus significantly recognizing the See also:place the latter had attained, After the union Plunket returned to the practice of his profession, and became at once a See also:leader of the See also:equity See also:bar. In 1803, after See also:Emmet's See also:rebellion, he was selected as one of the See also:Crown lawyers to prosecute the unfortunate enthusiast, and at the trial, in summing up the See also:evidence, delivered a speech of remarkable See also:power, which shows his characteristic dislike of revolutionary outbursts. For this speech he was exposed to much unmerited obloquy, and more especially to the abuse of See also:Cobbett, against whom he brought a successful See also:action for See also:damages. In 1803, in Pitt's second See also:administration, he became See also:solicitor-general, and in 18o5 See also:attorney-general for Ireland; and he continued in See also:office when Lord See also:Grenville came into power in x8o6. Plunket held a seat in the Imperial parliament during this See also:period, and there made several able speeches in favour of See also:Catholic emancipation, and of continuing the See also:war with See also:France; but when the Grenville See also:cabinet was dissolved he returned once more to professional See also:life. In 1812, having amassed a considerable See also:fortune, he re-entered parliament as member for Trinity See also:College, and identified himself with the Grenville or anti-Gallican Whigs. He was soon acknowledged as one of the first orators, if not the first, of the See also:House of See also:Commons. His reverence for the See also:English constitution in church and See also:state, his steady advocacy of the war with See also:Napoleon, and his antipathy to anything like See also:democracy made him popular with the Tory party. In 1822 Plunket was once more attorney-general for Ireland, with Lord See also:Wellesley as lord-See also:lieutenant.

One of his first See also:

official acts was to prosecute for the " See also:bottle See also:riot," an See also:attempt on his See also:part to put down the See also:Orange See also:faction in Ireland. He strenuously opposed the Catholic Association, which about this time, under the guidance of O'Connell, began its agitation. In 1825 he made a powerful speech against it; thus the curious spectacle was seen of the ablest See also:champion of an oppressed church doing all in his power to check its efforts to emancipate itself. In 1827 Plunket was made See also:master of the rolls in England; but, owing to the professional See also:jealousy of the bar, who regarded an Irishman as an intruder, he resigned in a few days. Soon afterwards he became See also:chief See also:justice of the See also:common pleas in Ireland, and was then created a peer of the See also:United See also:Kingdom. In 183o he was appointed lord See also:chancellor of Ireland, and held the office, with an See also:interval of a few months only, until 1841, when he finally retired from public life. He died on the 4th of See also:January 1854, and was succeeded by his eldest son, the See also:bishop of See also:Tuam (1792—1866) as 2nd baron. The 4th baron (1828—1897) was bishop of See also:Meath and afterwards See also:archbishop of See also:Dublin and See also:primate of Ireland, and an active ecclesiastical statesman; and his younger See also:brother See also:David Plunket (b.

End of Article: PLUMBING

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