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SEMPER, GOTTFRIED (1803–1879)

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 632 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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SEMPER, GOTTFRIED (1803–1879)

SEMPER, GOTTFRIED (1803–1879) , See also:

German architect and writer on See also:

ART

art, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

ALTONA

Altona on the 29th of See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1803. His See also:

FATHER

father intended him for the See also:

law, but his impulses towards an See also:

ARTISTIC

artistic career were irresistible. His See also:

early mastery of classical literature led him to the study of classic monuments in classic lands, while his equally conspicuous See also:

TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental

talent for See also:

MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics gave him the See also:

LAWS

laws of See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form and proportion in architectural See also:

DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design. At the university of See also:

GOTTINGEN

Gottingen he See also:

fell under the See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of K. O. See also:

Muller. His architectural See also:

EDUCATION

education was carried out successively in See also:

HAMBURG

Hamburg, where later, upon his return from See also:

GREECE

Greece, he built the Donner Museum, in See also:

Berlin, in See also:

DRESDEN

Dresden, in See also:

Paris under See also:

GAU, JOHN (c. 1495–? 1553)

Gau and in See also:

MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich under Gartner; afterwards he visited See also:

Italy and Greece. While in Greece he made observations which showed that in See also:

ancient See also:

ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture the use of polychrome was frequent. In the See also:

DIFFUSION (from the Lat. diffundere; dis-, asunder, and fundere, to pour out)

diffusion of this See also:

DISCOVERY

discovery he was much aided by Jacques Ignace See also:

HITTORFF, JACQUES IGNACE (1792-1867)

Hittorff. In 1834 he was appointed See also:

PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of architecture in Dresden, and during fifteen years received many important commissions from the Saxon See also:

court. He built the See also:

OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera-See also:

house in See also:

RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance See also:

style, the new museum and picture See also:

GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery, and a See also:

BYZANTINE

Byzantine See also:

synagogue. In 1848 his turbulent spirit led him to See also:

side with the revolution against his royal See also:

PATRON

patron; he furnished the rebels with military plans, and was eventually driven into See also:

EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)

Semper came to See also:

LONDON

London at the See also:

time of the See also:

GREAT

Great See also:

EXHIBITION

Exhibition of 1851, and See also:

Prince See also:

Albert found him an able ally in carrying out his plans. He was appointed teacher of the principles of decoration; his lectures in See also:

MANUSCRIPT

manuscript are preserved in the art library, See also:

South See also:

KENSINGTON

Kensington. He was also employed by the prince See also:

CONSORT (Lat. consors, a companion)

consort to prepare a design for the Kensington Museum; and he made the drawings for the See also:

Wellington funeral See also:

CAR (Late Lat. carra)

car. In 1853 Semper See also:

LEFT

left London for See also:

Zurich on his See also:

APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment as professor of architecture, and with a See also:

COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission to build in that See also:

TOWN

town the See also:

POLYTECHNIC (Gr. aroWus, many, and rEXvn, an art)

polytechnic school and the See also:

HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital. He also built the See also:

OBSERVATORY

observatory and the railway station in that See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city. Here, too, he made plans for a large See also:

THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre in Rio Janeiro. In 187o he was called to See also:

Vienna to assist in the great architectural projects since carried out around the See also:

RING (O.E. hring; a word common to Teutonic languages; and probably cognate with the Lat. circus, Gr. KtpKOS or KpLKOS, Skt'. chakra, wheel, circle, cf. also " harangue "); in art, a band of circular shape of varying sizes, made of any material and used f

Ring. A See also:

YEAR

year later, after an exile of over twenty years, he received a See also:

SUMMONS (Fr. semonce, from semonner or semondre, Lat. summonere, summonitio)

summons to Dresden, on the rebuilding of the first opera-house, which had been destroyed by See also:

FIRE (in O. Eng. f j'r; the word is common to West German languages, cf. Dutch vuur, Ger. Feuer; the pre-Teutonic form is seen in Sanskrit pu, pavaka, and Gr. irup; the ultimate origin is usually taken to be a root meaning to purify, cf. Lat. purus)

fire in 1869; his second design was a modification of the first. The closing years of his See also:

LIFE

life were passed in See also:

COMPARATIVE

comparative tranquillity between See also:

Venice and See also:

Rome, and in the latter city he died on the ,15th of May 1879. In 1892 a See also:

BRONZE

bronze statue of Semper, by Johannes See also:

Schelling, was unveiled on the Briihlsche Terrasse in Dresden. Semper's style was a growth from the classic orders through the See also:

ITALIAN

Italian Cinque See also:

Cento. He forsook the See also:

BASE

base and See also:

ROCOCO, or ROCAILLE

rococo forms he found rooted in See also:

Germany, and, reverting to the best historic examples, fashioned a purer Renaissance.

He stands as a See also:

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader in the practice of polychrome, since widely diffused, and by his writings and example did much to reinstate the ancient See also:

union between architecture, See also:

sculpture and See also:

PAINTING

painting. Among his numerous See also:

LITERARY

literary See also:

WORKS

works are Uber Polychromie u. ihren Unsprung (1851), See also:

Die Anwendung der Farben in der Architektur u. Plastik bei den See also:

Allen, Der Stil in den technischen u. tektonischen Kiinsten (186o-1863). His Notes of Lectures on See also:

PRACTICAL

Practical Art in Metals and Hard Materials: its Technology, See also:

HISTORY

History and Style, were left in MS.

End of Article: SEMPER, GOTTFRIED (1803–1879)

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