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See also:STONEHENGE (See also:Sax. Slanhengist, See also:hanging stones) , a circular See also:group of huge See also:standing stones (see See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
STONE MONUMENTS), situated on See also:Salisbury See also:Plain, See also:Wiltshire, See also:England, about 7 M. N. of Salisbury. Until comparatively See also:recent times the surrounding See also:district was in a See also:state of nature with merely a thin coating of See also:turf interspersed with tufts of See also:heath and See also:dwarf thistles, but See also:bare of trees and shrubs and altogether devoid of the See also:works of See also:man, with the exception of a See also:series of prehistoric barrows of the See also:Bronze See also:Age which, singly and in See also:groups, studded the landscape. It is safe to say that no prehistoric See also:monument in See also:Great See also:Britain has given rise to more See also:speculation as to its origin, date and purpose; and although the few hoary stones still extant are but a small portion of the See also:original structure they are still sufficiently imposing to excite the wonder of the passing traveller, and mysterious enough to See also:puzzle the See also:antiquary.
Stonehenge was first mentioned by See also:Nennius in the 9th See also:century, who asserts that it was erected in See also:commemoration of the 400 nobles who were treacherously slain near the spot by Hengist in 472. A similar See also:account of its origin is given in the triads of the Welsh bards, where its erection is attributed to Aurelius Ambrosius, the successor of See also:Vortigern. This was regarded as a miraculous feat brought about by the incantations of the magician See also:Merlin, who caused a great stone circle in See also:Ireland (said to have been previously carried thither out of See also:Africa by giants) to be trans-ported to Salisbury Plain, where, at Merlin's " word of See also:power," all the stones moved into their proper places. On the other See also:hand, the Welsh See also:bard See also:Aneurin states that Stonehenge existed before the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of Aurelius, whose See also:title of Ambrosius may, as suggested by See also:Davies, have been derived from Stonehenge. See also:Geoffrey of See also:Monmouth, in recording the See also:death of See also:Constantine, which took See also:place about the See also:middle of the 6th century (Historia britonum), states that he was buried " See also:close by Uther Pendragon, within the structure of stones which was set up with wonderful See also:art not far from Salisbury, and called in the See also:English See also:tongue, Stonehenge." Inigo See also:- JONES
- JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
- JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
- JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
- JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
- JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
- JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
- JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
- JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
- JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
- JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
- JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
- JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
- JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
- JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
- JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)
Jones, in his See also:work on Stonehenge, published in 1655, endeavours to prove that it was a " See also:Roman See also:temple, inscribed to Coelus, the See also:senior of the See also:heathen gods, and built after the Tuscan See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order." This theory was attacked by Dr Charleton (1725), one of the physicians of See also:Charles II., who maintained that it was erected by the Danes, and consequently after the departure of the See also:Romans from Britain. The next controversialist who appeared on the See also:scene was the famous Dr Stukely (1940) who propounded the theory that Stonehenge, the stone circle at See also:Avebury (Abury), &c., were temples for See also:serpent See also:worship, `' Dracontia " as he called them, the serpent worshippers being the See also:Druids. Subsequent writers dropped the ophite portion of this theory, but still continued to regard Stonehenge as a temple or See also:observatory of the Druids. See also:Lord Avebury regards it as a temple of the Bronze Age (1500-1000 B.C.), though apparently it was not all erected at one time, the inner circle of small unwrought, See also:blue stones being probably older than the See also:rest (Prehistoric Times). On the other hand See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Fergusson (1872) contended that it was a sepulchral monument of the Saxon See also:period.
The original number and position of the stones have suffered in the course of time from See also:wind and See also:weather, in days when archaeological See also:interest was not alive to the importance of pre-serving so See also:ancient a monument. That, however, these natural causes of its See also:dilapidation were assisted by the sacrilegious hand of man there is no lack of documentary See also:evidence. Thus Inigo Jones laments the disappearance of stones that were standing when he measured it; and both Stukely and See also:Aubrey deplore the loss of fallen stones that were removed to make See also:bridges, See also:- MILL
- MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
- MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
- MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
- MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)
mill-dams and the like. On the evening of the 31st of See also:December 1900, one of the See also:outer trilithons (22 on See also:plan), 'with its See also:lintel, was blown down in the course of a severe See also:storm, this being the first collapse since the 3rd of See also:January 1797, when one of the See also:fine trilithons (57, 58) of the horseshoe See also:fell. This See also:catastrophe attracted renewed See also:attention to the state of Stonehenge, and much discussion took place as to the taking of precautions against further decay.
End of Article: STONEHENGE (Sax. Slanhengist, hanging stones)
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