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AGESILAUS II ., See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Sparta, of the Eurypontid See also:family, was the son of Archidamus II. and Eupolia, and younger step-See also:brother of See also:Agis II., whom he succeeded about 401 B.C. Agis had, indeed, a son See also:Leotychides, but he was set aside as illegitimate, current rumour representing him as the son of See also:Alcibiades. Agesilaus' success was largely due to See also:Lysander, who hoped to find in him a willing See also:tool for the furtherance of his See also:political designs; in this See also:hope, however; Lysander See also:war disappointed, and the increasing See also:power of Agesilaus soon led to his downfall. In 396 Agesilaus was sent to See also:Asia with a force of 2000 Neodamodes (enfranchized See also:Helots) and 6000 See also:allies to secure the See also:Greek cities against a See also:Persian attack. On the See also:eve of sailing from See also:Aulis he attempted to offer a See also:sacrifice, as See also:Agamemnon had done before the Trojan expedition, but the Thebans intervened to prevent it, an insult for which he never forgave them. On his arrival at See also:Ephesus a three months' truce was concluded with See also:Tissaphernes, the See also:- SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr
satrap of See also:Lydia and See also:Caria, but negotiations See also:con-ducted during that See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time proved fruitless, and on its termination Agesilaus raided See also:Phrygia, where he easily won immense See also:booty since Tissaphernes had concentrated his troops in Caria. Afterspending the See also:winter in organizing a See also:cavalry force, he made a successful incursion into Lydia in the See also:spring of 395• Tithraustes was thereupon sent to replace Tissaphernes, who paid with his See also:life for his continued failure. An See also:armistice was concluded between Tithraustes and Agesilaus, who See also:left the See also:southern satrapy and again invaded Phrygia, which he ravaged until the following spring. He then came to an agreement with the satrap See also:Pharnabazus and once more turned southward. It was said that he was planning a See also:campaign in the interior, or even an attack on See also:Artaxerxes himself, when he was recalled to See also:Greece owing to the war between Sparta and the combined forces of See also:Athens, See also:Thebes, See also:Corinth, See also:Argos and several See also:minor states. A rapid See also:march through See also:Thrace and See also:Macedonia brought him to See also:Thessaly, where he repulsed the Thessalian cavalry who tried to impede him. Reinforced by Phocian and Orchomenian troops and a Spartan See also:army, he met the confederate forces at Coronea in See also:Boeotia, and in a hotly contested See also:battle was technically victorious, but the success was a barren one and he had to retire by way of See also:Delphi to the Peloponnese. Shortly before this battle the Spartan See also:navy, of which he had received the supreme command, was totally defeated off See also:Cnidus by a powerful Persian See also:fleet under See also:Conon and Pharnabazus.
Subsequently Agesilaus took a prominent See also:part in the Corinthian war, -making several successful expeditions into Corinthian territory and capturing Lechaeum and Piraeum. The loss, however, of a See also:mora, which was destroyed by See also:Iphicrates, neutralized these successes, and Agesilaus returned to Sparta. In 389 he conducted a campaign in See also:Acarnania, but two years later the See also:Peace of See also:Antalcidas, which was warmly supported by Agesilaus, put an end to hostilities. When war See also:broke out afresh with Thebes the king twice invaded Boeotia (378, 377), and it was on his See also:advice that Cleombrotus was ordered to march against Thebes in 371. Cleombrotus was defeated at See also:Leuctra and the Spartan supremacy overthrown. In 370 Agesilaus tried to restore Spartan See also:prestige by an invasion of Mantinean territory, and his prudence and heroism saved Sparta when her enemies, led by See also:Epaminondas, penetrated See also:Laconia that same See also:year, and again in 362 when they all but succeeded in seizing the See also:city by a rapid and unexpected march. The battle of Mantinea (362), in which Agesilaus took no part, was followed by a See also:general peace: Sparta, however, stood aloof, hoping even yet to recover her supremacy. In See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to gain See also:money for prosecuting the war Agesilaus had supported the revolted satraps, and in 361 he went to See also:Egypt at the See also:head of a See also:mercenary force to aid Tachos against See also:Persia. He soon transferred his services to Tachos's See also:cousin and See also:rival Nectanabis, who, in return for his help, gave him a sum of over 200 talents. On his way See also:home Agesilaus died at the See also:age of 84, after a reign of some 41 years.
A See also:man of small stature and unimpressive See also:appearance, he was somewhat lame from See also:birth, a fact which was used as an See also:argument against his See also:succession, an See also:oracle having warned Sparta against a " lame reign." He was a successful See also:leader in guerilla warfare, alert and See also:quick, yet cautious—a man, moreover, whose See also:personal bravery was unquestioned. As a statesman he won himself both enthusiastic adherents and See also:bitter enemies, but of his patriotism there can be no doubt. He lived in the most frugal See also:style alike at home and in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field, and though his See also:campaigns were undertaken largely to secure booty, he was content to enrich the See also:state and his See also:friends and 'to return as poor as he had set forth. The worst trait in his See also:character is his implacable hatred of Thebes, which led directly to the battle of Leuctra and Sparta's fall from her position of supremacy.
See lives of Agesilaus by See also:Xenophon (the See also:panegyric of a friend), See also:Cornelius See also:Nepos and See also:Plutarch; Xenophon's Hellenica and Diodorus xiv., xv. Among See also:modern authorities, besides the general histories of Greece, J. C. F. Manso, Sparta, iii. 39 ff. ; G. F. See also:Hertzberg, Das Leben See also:des Konigs Agesilaos II. von Sparta (1856); See also:Buttmann, Agesilaus Sohn des Archidamus (1872); C. See also:Haupt, Agesilaus in Asien (1874); E. von Stern, Geschichte der spartanischen and thebanischen Hegemonie (1884). (M. N.
End of Article: AGESILAUS II
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