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PHARNABAZUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 359 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PHARNABAZUS , See also:

Persian soldier and statesman, the son of Pharnaces, belonged to a See also:family which from 478 governed the satrapy of See also:Phrygia on the See also:Hellespont, from its headquarters at Dascylium, and, according to a See also:discovery by Th. See also:Noldeke, was descended from Otanes, one of the associates of See also:Darius in the See also:murder of See also:Smerdis. Pharnabazus first appears as See also:satrap of this See also:province in 413, when, having received orders from Darius II. to send in the outstanding See also:tribute of the See also:Greek cities on the See also:coast, he, like See also:Tissaphernes of See also:Caria, entered into negotiations with See also:Sparta and began See also:war with See also:Athens. The conduct of the war was much hindered by the rivalry between the two satraps, of whom Pharnabazus was by far the more energetic and up-right. After the war he came into conflict with See also:Lysander (q.v.: see also PELOPONNESIAN WAR), who tried to keep the Greek cities under his own dominion, and became one of the causes of his overthrow, by a See also:letter which he sent to the ephors at Sparta (Plut. Lys. 19; See also:Nepos, Lys. 4; Polyaen. vii. 19). He received See also:Alcibiades at his See also:court and promised him means to go up to the See also:king to reveal the intrigues of See also:Cyrus, but when the Spartans insisted on his See also:death he yielded to their demand for his assassination (Plut. Alcib. 37 sqq.; Diod. xiv.

11). When in 399 the war with Sparta See also:

broke out he again tried to conduct it strenuously. With the help of See also:Conon and See also:Evagoras of See also:Salamis he organized the Persian See also:fleet, and while he was hard pressed on See also:lard by Agesilaus he prepared the decisive See also:sea-See also:battle, which was fought in See also:August 394 at See also:Cnidus under his and Conon's command, and completely destroyed the Spartan fleet. He sent support to the See also:allies in See also:Greece, by which the walls of the See also:Peiraeus were rebuilt. But in the war on See also:land he struggled in vain against the lethargy and disorganization of the Persian See also:Empire; and when at last, in 387, in consequence of the See also:embassy of See also:Antalcidas to See also:Susa, the king decided to conclude See also:peace with Sparta and to enter again into See also:close See also:alliance with her, Pharnabazus, the See also:principal opponent of Sparta, was recalled from his command in high honours, to marry Apame, a daughter of the king (Plut. Arlax. 27). In 385 he was one of the generals sent against See also:Egypt, and in 377 he was ordered to prepare a new expedition against the valley of the See also:Nile. The gathering of the See also:army took years, and when in. 373 all was ready, his See also:attempt to force the passage of the Nile failed. A conflict with See also:Iphicrates, the See also:leader of the Greek mercenaries, increased the difficulties; at last Pharnabazus led the army back to See also:Asia. From these See also:campaigns date the See also:silver coins with the name of Pharnabazus in Aramaic See also:writing.

When he died is not known. In the See also:

time of See also:Alexander we meet with a Persian See also:general Pharnabazus, son of Artabazus (See also:Arrian ii. i seq.), who probably was the See also:grandson of the older Pharnabazus. The name Pharnabazus is also See also:borne by a king of Iberia (See also:Georgia) on the See also:Caucasus, where the See also:dynasty seems to have been of Persian origin, defeated by a general of See also:Marcus See also:Antonius (See also:Mark Antony) in 36 B.C. (Dio See also:Cass. xlix. 24). In the Georgian dynasty the name occurs as See also:late as the 19th See also:century. (ED.

End of Article: PHARNABAZUS

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