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ARTABANUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V02, Page 661 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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ARTABANUS , the name of a number of See also:

Persian princes, soldiers and administrators. The most important are the following: I. See also:

BROTHER

Brother of See also:

DARIUS (Pers. Darayavaush; Old Test. Daryavesh)

Darius I., and, according to See also:

HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, the trusted adviser of his See also:

NEPHEW

nephew See also:

XERXES (the Greek form of the Pers. Khshayarsha; Old Testament Ahasverus, Akhashverosh—i.e. Ahasuerus (q.v.)—with wrong vocalization and substitution of y for v, instead of Akhshavarsh; in Aramaic inscriptions and papyri from Egypt the name is written Khs

Xerxes. Herodotus makes him a See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal figure in epic dialogues: he warns Darius not to attack the Scythians (iv. 83; cf. also iv. 143), and predicts to Xerxes his defeat by the Greeks (vii. 10 if., 46 ff.) ; Xerxes sent him See also:

home to govern the See also:

EMPIRE

empire during the See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign (vii. 52, 53). 2. See also:

VIZIER

Vizier of Xerxes (See also:

CTESIAS

Ctesias, Pers. 20), whom he murdered in 465 B.C. According to See also:

Aristotle, Pol. v.

1311 b, he had previously killed Xerxes' son Darius, and was afraid that the See also:

FATHER

father would avenge him; according to Ctesias, Pers. 29, See also:

JUSTIN (JUNIANUS JUSTINUS)

Justin iii. 1, Diod. xi. 69, he killed Xerxes first and then pretended that Darius had murdered him, and instigated his brother See also:

ARTAXERXES

Artaxerxes to avenge the See also:

PARRICIDE (probably for Lat. patricidia, from pater, father, and caedere, to slay); strictly the murder of a parent; the term however has been extended to include the murder of any relative or of an ascendant by a descendant. The first Roman law against p

parricide. At all events, during the first months of the reign of Artaxerxes I., he was the ruling See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power in the See also:

state (therefore the chronographers wrongly reckon him as See also:

king, with a reign of seven months), until Artaxerxes, having learned the truth about the See also:

MURDER

murder of his father and his brother, overwhelmed and killed Artabanus and his sons in open fight. 3. A See also:

SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

satrap of See also:

BACTRIA (Bactriana)

Bactria, who revolted against Artaxerxes I., but was defeated in two battles (Ctes. Pers. 31). The name was See also:

BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne also by four See also:

PARTHIAN

Parthian See also:

KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings. The Parthian king See also:

ARSACES

Arsaces, who was attacked by See also:

ANTIOCHUS

Antiochus III.. in 209, has been called Artabanus by some See also:

MODERN

modern authors without any See also:

REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason. 4.

ARTABANUS I., successor of his nephew Phraates II. about 127 B.C., perished in a See also:

BATTLE

battle against the Tochari, a Mongolian tribe, which had invaded the See also:

east of See also:

IRAN

Iran (Justin xli. 2). He is perhaps identical with the Artabanus mentioned in See also:

TROGUS, GNAEUS POMPEIUS

Trogus, Prol. xlii. 5. ARTABANUS II. C. A.D. 10-40, son of an Arsacid princess (Tac. See also:

Ann. vi. 48), lived in the East among the Dahan nomads. He was raised to the See also:

THRONE

throne by those Parthian grandees who would not acknowledge See also:

VONONES (on coins ONONES)

Vonones I., whom See also:

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus had sent from See also:

Rome (where he lived as See also:

HOSTAGE (through Fr. ostage, modern otage, from Late Lat. obsidaticum, the state of being an obses or hostage; Med. Lat. ostaticum, ostagium)

hostage) as successor of his father Phraates IV. The See also:

war between the two pretenders was See also:

long and doubtful; on a See also:

coin Vonones mentions a victory over Artabanus.

At last Artabanus defeated his See also:

RIVAL

rival completely and occupied See also:

CTESIPHON

Ctesiphon; Vonones fled to See also:

ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia, where he was acknowledged as king, under the See also:

PROTECTION

protection of the See also:

Romans. But when Artabanus invaded Armenia, Vonones fled to See also:

SYRIA

Syria, and the See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Tiberius thought it prudent to support him no longer. Germanicus, whom he sent to the East, concluded a treaty with Artabanus, in which he was recognized as king and friend of the Romans. Armenia was given (A.D. 18) to See also:

ZENO

Zeno, the son of the king of See also:

PONTUS

Pontus (Tac. Ann. ii. 3 f., 58; See also:

Joseph. See also:

Ant. 18. 24). Artabanus II., like all Parthian princes, was much troubled by the opposition of the grandees. He is said to have been very cruel in consequence of his See also:

EDUCATION

education among the Dahan barbarians (Tac.

Ann. vi. 41). To strengthen his power he killed all the Arsacid princes whom he could reach (Tac. Ann. vi. 31). Rebellions of the subject nations may have occurred also. We learn that he intervened in the See also:

Greek See also:

CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city See also:

SELEUCIA (Gr. EeXeimeta)

Seleucia in favour of the oligarchs (Tac. Ann. vi. 48), and that two Jewish brigands maintained themselves for years in Neerda in the swamps of Babylonia, and were acknowledged as dynasts by Artabanus (Jos. Ant. r8. 9). In A.D.

35 he tried anew to conquer Armenia, and to establish his son Arsaces as king there. A war with Rome seemed inevitable. But that party among the Parthian magnates which was hostile to Artabanus applied to Tiberius for a king of the See also:

RACE

race of Phraates. Tiberius sent Phraates's See also:

GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson, See also:

TIRIDATES, or TERIDATES

Tiridates III., and ordered L. See also:

VITELLIUS, AULUS

Vitellius (the father of the emperor) to restore the See also:

ROMAN

Roman authority in the East. By very dexterous military and See also:

DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic operations Vitellius succeeded completely. Artabanus was deserted by his followers and fled to the East. Tiridates, who was proclaimed king, could no longer maintain himself, because he appeared to be a See also:

VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal of the Romans; Artabanus returned from See also:

HYRCANIA

Hyrcania with a strong See also:

army of Scythian (Dahan) auxiliaries, and was again acknowledged by the Parthians. Tiridates See also:

LEFT

left Seleucia and fled to Syria. But Artabanus was not strong enough for a war with Rome; he therefore concluded a treaty with Vitellius, in which he gave up all further pretensions (A.D. 37). A See also:

SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short See also:

time after-wards Artabanus was deposed again, and a certain See also:

CINNAMUS [KINNAMOS], JOHN

Cinnamus was proclaimed king.

Artabanus took See also:

REFUGE

refuge with his vassal, the king Izates of Adiabene; and Izates by negotiations and the promise of a See also:

COMPLETE

complete See also:

PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon induced the Parthians to restore Artabanus once more to the throne (Jos. Ant. 20. 3). Shortly afterwards Artabanus died, and was succeeded by his son, See also:

VARDANES

Vardanes, whose reign was still more turbulent than that of his father. 6. ARTABANUS III. reigned a short time in A.D. 8o (on a coin of this See also:

YEAR

year he calls himself Arsaces Artabanus) and the following years, and supported a pretender who See also:

rose in See also:

ASIA

Asia See also:

Minor under the name of See also:

NERO (37-68)

Nero (See also:

ZONARAS, JOANNES (JOHN)

Zonaras xi. 18), but could not maintain himself against See also:

PACORUS

Pacorus II. 7. ARTABANUS IV., the last Parthian king, younger son of See also:

VOLOGAESES (Vologaesus, Vologases; on the coins Ologases; Armen. Valarsk; Mod. Pers. Balash)

Vologaeses IV., who died A.D. 209.

He rebelled against his brother Vologaeses V. (Dio See also:

CASS, LEWIS (1782–1866)

Cass. vii. 12), and soon obtained the upper 'See also:

hand, although Vologaeses V. maintained himself in a See also:

PART

part of Babylonia till about A.D. 222. The emperor See also:

CARACALLA (or CARACALLUS), MARCUS A U R E L I U S ANTONINUS (186-217)

Caracalla, wishing to make use of this See also:

CIVIL

civil war for a See also:

CONQUEST

conquest of the East in See also:

IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of his idol, See also:

Alexander the See also:

GREAT

Great, attacked the Parthians in 216. He crossed the See also:

TIGRIS (Old Persian Tigrd, Diklat of the cuneiform inscriptions, Hiddekel of the Old Testament, Diglath of the Targum, Digla of the Arabs)

Tigris, destroyed the towns and spoiled the tombs of See also:

ARBELA (ARBA`IL, i.e. " Four-god-city")

Arbela; but when Artabanus advanced at the See also:

head of an army, he retired to Carrhae. There he was murdered by lblacrinus in See also:

APRIL

April 217. Macrinus was defeated at See also:

NISIBIS (Nasibina in the Assyrian inscriptions)

Nisibis and concluded a See also:

peace with Artabanus, in which he gave up all the Roman conquests, restored the See also:

BOOTY (apparently influenced by " boot," O. Eng. bot, ad-vantage or profit, through an adaptation from an earlier form cognate with Ger. Beute and Fr. butin)

booty, and paid a heavy contribution to the Parthians (Dio Cass. lxxviii. 26 f.). But at the same time, the Persian dynast See also:

ARDASHIR

Ardashir (q.v.) had already begun his conquests in See also:

PERSIA

Persia and Carmania. When Artabanus tried to subdue him his troops were defeated. The war lasted several years; at last Artabanus himself was vanquished and killed (A.D.

226), and the See also:

RULE

rule of the Arsacids came to an end. See further PERSIA: See also:

HISTORY

History, § See also:

ancient, and See also:

WORKS

works there quoted. (ED.

End of Article: ARTABANUS

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