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See also:BOURBAKI, See also:CHARLES See also:DENIS SAUTER (1816-1897) , See also:French See also:general, was See also:born at See also:Pau on the 22nd of See also:April x816, the son of a See also:Greek See also:colonel who died in the See also:War of See also:Independence in 1827. He entered St Cyr, and in 1836 joined the Zouaves, becoming See also:lieutenant of the See also:Foreign See also:Legion in 1838, and aide-de-See also:camp to
See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis Philippe. It was in the See also:African expedition that he first came to the front. In 1842 he was See also:captain in the Zouaves; 1847, colonel of the Turcos; in 185o, lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Zouaves ; 1851, colonel ; 1854, brigadier-general. In the See also:Crimean War he commanded a portion of the Algerian troops; and at the See also:Alma, See also:Inkerman and See also:Sevastopol Bourbaki's name became famous. In 1857 he was made general of See also:division, commanding in 1859 at See also:Lyons. His success in the war with See also:Italy was only second to that of See also:MacMahon, and in 1862 he was See also:pro-posed as a See also:candidate for the vacant Greek See also:throne, but declined the proffered See also:honour. In 187o the See also:emperor entrusted him with the command of the Imperial Guard, and he played an important See also:part in the fighting See also:round See also:Metz.
A curious incident of the See also:siege of Metz is connected with Bourbaki's name. A See also:man who called himself See also:Regnier,l about the 21st of See also:September, appeared at See also:Hastings, to seek an interview with the refugee empress See also:Eugenie, and failing to obtain this he managed to get from the See also:young See also:prince imperial a signed photo-graph with a See also:message to the emperor See also:Napoleon. This he used, by means of a safe-conduct from See also:Bismarck, as See also:credentials to See also:Marshal See also:Bazaine, to whom he presented himself at Metz, telling him on the empress's alleged authority that See also:peace was about to be signed and that either Marshal See also:Canrobert or General Bourbaki was to go to Hastings for the purpose. Bourbaki at once went to See also:England, with Prussian connivance, as though he had a recognized See also:mission, only to discover from the empress at Hastings that a See also:trick had been played on him; and as soon as he could See also:manage he returned to See also:France.
He offered his services to See also:Gambetta and received the command of the See also:Northern See also:Army, but was recalled on the 19th of See also:November and transferred to the Army of the See also:Loire. In command of the hastily-trained and See also:ill-equipped Army of the See also:East, Bourbaki made the See also:attempt to raise the siege of See also:Belfort, which, after the victory of Villersexel, ended in the repulse of the French in the three days' See also:battle of the Lisaine. Other See also:German forces under See also:Manteuffel now closed upon Bourbaki, and he was eventually driven over the Swiss frontier with the remnant of his forces (see FRANCO-GERMAN WAR). His troops were in the most desperate See also:condition, owing to lack of See also:food; and out of 150,000 men under him when he started, only 84,000 escaped from the Germans into Swiss territory. Bourbaki himself, rather than submit to the humiliation of a probable surrender, on the 26th of See also:January 1871 delegated his functions to General See also:Clinchant, and in the See also:night fired a See also:pistol at his own See also:head, but the See also:bullet, owing to a deviation of the weapon, was flattened against his See also:skull and his See also:life was saved. General Clinchant carried Bourbaki into See also:Switzerland, and he recovered sufficiently to return to France. In See also:July 1871 he again took the command at Lyons, and subsequently became military See also:governor. In 1881, owing to his See also:political opinions, he was placed on the retired See also:list. In 1885 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the See also:senate. He died on the 27th of September 1897. A patriotic Frenchman and a brilliant soldier and See also:leader, Bourbaki, like some other French generals of the Second See also:Empire whose training had been obtained in See also:Africa, was found wanting in the higher elements of command when the See also:European conditions of 187o were concerned.
End of Article: BOURBAKI, CHARLES DENIS SAUTER (1816-1897)
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