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CHERBOURG , a See also:naval station, fortified See also:town and seaport of See also:north-western See also:France, See also:capital of an See also:arrondissement in the See also:department of See also:Manche, on the See also:English Channel, 232 M. W.N.W. of See also:Paris on the Ouest-Etat railway. Pop. (1906) town, 35,710; See also:commune, 43,827. Cherbourg is situated at the mouth of the Divette, on a small See also:bay at the See also:apex of the indentation formed by the See also:northern See also:shore of the See also:peninsula of Cotentin. Apart from a See also:fine See also:hospital and the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of La Trinite dating from the 15th See also:century, the town has no buildings of See also:special See also:interest. A See also:rich collection of paintings is housed in the hotel de ville. A statue of the painter J. F. See also:Millet, See also:born near Cherbourg, stands in the public See also:garden, and there is an equestrian statue of See also:Napoleon I. in the square named after him. Cherbourg is a fortified See also:place of the first class, headquarters of one of the five naval arrondissements of France, and the seat of a sub-See also:prefect. It has tribunals of first instance and of See also:commerce, a chamber of commerce, a lycee and a naval school. The See also:chief See also:industries of the town proper are fishing, saw-milling, tanning, See also:leather-dressing, See also:ship-See also:building, See also:iron and See also:copper-See also:founding, rope-making and the manufacture of agricultural implements. There are See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone quarries in the environs, and the town has See also:trade in See also:farm produce.
Cherbourg derives its chief importance from its naval and commercial harbours, which are distant from each other about See also:half a mile. The former consists of three See also:main basins cut out of the See also:rock, and has an See also:area of 55 acres. The minimum See also:depth of See also:water is 30 ft. Connected with the See also:harbour are dry docks, the yards where the largest See also:ships in the See also:French See also:navy are constructed, magazines, rope walks, and the various workshops requisite for a naval See also:arsenal of the first class. The See also:works and town are carefully guarded on every See also:side by redoubts and fortifications, and are commanded by batteries on the surrounding hills. There is a large naval hospital See also:close to the harbour. The commerical harbour at the mouth of the Divette communicates with the See also:sea by a channel 65o yds. See also:long. It consists of two parts, an See also:outer and tidal harbour 171 acres in extent, and an inner See also:basin 15 acres in extent, with a depth on See also:- SILL
- SILL (O.Eng. syl, Mid. E. sylle, selle; the word appears in Icel. syll, svill, Swed. syll, and Dan. syld, and in German, as Schwelle; Skeat refers to the Teutonic root swal-, swell, the word meaning the rise or swell formed by a beam at a threshold; the L
- SILL, EDWARD ROWLAND (1841-1887)
sill at See also:ordinary See also:spring See also:tide of 25 ft. Outside these harbours is the triangular bay, which forms the roadstead of Cherbourg. The bay is admirably sheltered by the See also:land on every side but the north. On that side it is sheltered by a huge See also:breakwater, over 2 M. in length, with a width of 65o ft. at its See also:base and 30 ft. at its See also:summit, which is protected by forts, and leaves passages for vessels to the See also:east and See also:west. These passages are guarded by forts placed on islands intervening between the breakwater and the mainland, and themselves See also:united to the land by breakwaters. The See also:surface within these barriers amounts to about J700 acres. Cherbourg is a See also:port of See also:call for the See also:American, North See also:German See also:Lloyd and other important lines of transatlantic steamers. The chief exports are stone for road-making, See also:butter, eggs and vegetables; the chief imports are See also:coal, See also:timber, superphosphates and See also:wine from See also:Algeria. See also:Great See also:Britain is the See also:principal customer.
Cherbourg is supposed by some investigators to occupy the site of the See also:Roman station of Coriallum, but nothing definite is known about its origin. The name was long regarded as a corruption of Caesaris Burgus (See also:Caesar's See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
Borough). See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William the Conqueror, under whom it appears as Carusbur, provided it with a hospital and a church; and See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II. of See also:England on several occasions See also:chose it as his See also:residence. In 1295 it waspillaged by an English See also:fleet from See also:Yarmouth; and in the 14th century it frequently suffered during the See also:wars against the English. Captured by the English in 1418 after a four months' See also:siege, it was recovered by See also:Charles VII. of France in 1450. An See also:attempt was made under See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. to construct a military port; but the fortifications were dismantled in 1688, and further damage was inflicted by the English in 1758. In 1686 See also:Vauban planned harbour-works which were begun under Louis XVI. and continued by Napoleon I. It was See also:left, however, to Louis Philippe, and particularly to Napoleon III., to See also:complete them, and their successful realization was celebrated ins 1858, in the presence of the See also:queen of England, against whose dominions they had at one See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time been mainly directed. At the close of 1857, £8,000,000, of which the breakwater cost over £2,500,000, had been expended on the works; in 1889 a further sum of £68o,000 was voted by the Chamber of Deputies for the improvement of the port.
End of Article: CHERBOURG
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