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See also:CUBEBS (Arab. kababah) , the See also:fruit of several See also:species of See also:pepper (See also:Piper), belonging to the natural See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order Piperaceae. The cubebs of See also:pharmacy are produced by Piper Cubeba, a climbing woody See also:shrub indigenous to See also:south See also:Borneo, See also:Sumatra, See also:Prince of See also:Wales See also:Island and See also:Java. It has See also:round, ash-coloured, smooth branches; lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, somewhat leathery, shining leaves, 4 to 61 in. See also:long and 12 to 2 in. broad. Male and See also:female See also:flowers are See also:borne on distinct See also:plants. The fruits are small, globose, about 1- in. in See also:diameter, and not so large as See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white pepper; their contracted stalk-like bases are between and a in. in length; and from See also:forty to fifty of them are borne upon a See also:common See also:stem. The cubeb is cultivated in Java and Sumatra, the fruits are gathered before they are ripe, and carefully dried. Commercial cubebs consist of the dried berries, usually with their stalks attached; the pericarp is greyish-See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown, or blackish and wrinkled; and the See also:seed, when See also:present, is hard, white and oily. The odour of cubebs is agreeable and aromatic; the See also:taste, pungent, acrid, slightly See also:bitter and persistent. About 15% of a volatile oil is obtained by distilling cubebs with See also:water; after rectification with water, or on keeping, this deposits rhombic crystals of camphor of cubebs, C15H,60; cubebene, the liquid portion, has the See also:formula C15H24. Cubebin, See also:CH2[O1,C6H3•CH:CH•CH2OH, is a crystalline substance existing in cubebs, discovered by See also:Eugene Soubeiran and Capitaine in 1839; it may be prepared from cubebene, or from the pulp See also:left after the See also:distillation of the oil. The See also:drug, along with See also:- GUM (Fr. gomme, Lat. gommi, Gr. Kµµ1, possibly a Coptic word; distinguish " gum," the fleshy covering of the base of a tooth, in O. Eng. gbma, palate, cf. Ger. Gaumen, roof of the mouth; the ultimate origin is probably the root gha, to open wide, seen in
gum, fatty See also:oils, and malates of See also:magnesium and See also:calcium, contains also about 1% of cubebic See also:acid, and about 6% of a See also:resin.
The dose of the fruit is 30 to 6o grains, and the See also:British See also:Pharmacopoeia contains a See also:tincture with a dose of 1 to 1 drachm. The volatile oil—oleum cubebae—is also See also:official, and is the See also:form in which this drug is most commonly used, the dose being 5 to 20 minims, which may be suspended in See also:mucilage or given after meals in a cachet. The drug has the typical actions of a volatile oil, but exerts some of them in an exceptional degree. Thus it is liable to cause a cutaneous .erythema in the course of its See also:excretion by the skin; it has a marked diuretic See also:action; and it is a fairly efficient disinfectant of the urinary passages. Its See also:administration causes the See also:appearance in the urine of a See also:salt of cubebic acid which is precipitated by See also:heat or nitric acid, and is therefore liable to be mistaken for See also:albumin, when these two most common tests for the occurrence of See also:albuminuria are applied. Cubebs is frequently used in the form of cigarettes for See also:asthma, chronic See also:pharyngitis and See also:hay-See also:fever. A small percentage of cubebs is also commonly included in lozenges designed for use in See also:bronchitis, in which the antiseptic and expectoral properties of the drug are useful. But the most important therapeutic application of this drug is in gonorrhoea, where its antiseptic action is of much value. As compared with See also:copaiba in this connexion cubebs has the advantages of being less disagreeable to take and somewhat less likely to disturb the See also:digestive apparatus in prolonged administration. The introduction of the drug into See also:medicine is supposed to have been due to the Arabian physicians in the See also:middle ages. Cubebs were formerly candied and eaten whole, or used ground as a seasoning for See also:meat. Their See also:modern employment in See also:England as a drug See also:dates from 1815. " Cubebae " were See also:purchased in 1284 and 1285 by See also:Lord See also:Clare at 2s. 3d. and 2s. gd. per lb respectively; and in 1307 1 lb for the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king's See also:wardrobe cost 9s., a sum representing about £3, 12s. in present value (See also:Rogers, Hist. of See also:Agriculture and Prices, i. 627-628, ii. 544).
A closely allied species, Piper Clusii, produces the See also:African cubebs or See also:West African See also:black-pepper, the See also:berry of which is smoother than that of common cubebs and usually has a curved pedicel. In the 14th See also:century it was imported into See also:Europe from the See also:Grain See also:Coast, under the name of pepper, by merchants of See also:Rouen and See also:Lippe.
End of Article: CUBEBS (Arab. kababah)
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