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ISSOUDUN

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Originally appearing in Volume V14, Page 886 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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ISSOUDUN , a See also:

town of central See also:France, See also:capital of an See also:arrondissement in the See also:department of See also:Indre, on the right See also:bank of the Theols, 17 M. N.E. of See also:Chateauroux by See also:rail. Pop. (1go6) ro,566. Among the interesting buildings are the See also:church of St Cyr, combining various architectural styles, with a See also:fine See also:porch and window, and the See also:chapel of the Hotel Dieu of the See also:early 16th See also:century. Of the fortifications with which the town was formerly surrounded, a town-See also:gate of the 16th century and the See also:White See also:Tower, a lofty cylindncal See also:building of the reign of See also:Philip See also:Augustus, survive. Issoudun is the seat of a sub-prefecture, and has tribunals of first instance and of See also:commerce, a chamber of arts and manufactures and a communal See also:college. The See also:industries, of which the most important is See also:leather-dressing, also include malting and See also:brewing and the manufacture df bristles for brushes and See also:parchment. See also:Trade is in See also:grain, live-stock, leather and See also:wine. Issoudun, in Latin Exoldunum or Uxellodunum, existed in and before See also:Roman times. In 1195 it was stoutly and successfully defended by the partizans of See also:Richard Cceur-de-See also:Lion against Philip Augustus, See also:king of France. It has suffered severely from fires.

A very destructive one in 1651 was the result of an attack on the town in the See also:

war of See also:Fronde; See also:Louis XIV. rewarded its fidelity to him during that struggle by the See also:grant of several privileges. ISSYK-KUL, also called Tuz-KUL, and by the See also:Mongols Temurtu-nor, a See also:lake of Central See also:Asia, lying in a deep See also:basin (5400 ft.above See also:sea-level), between the Kunghei See also:Ala-tau and the Terskei Ala-tau, westward continuations of the Tian-shan mountains, and extending from 76° ro'to 78° 2o' E. The length from W.S.W. to E.N.E. is 115 m. and the breadth 38 m., the See also:area being estimated at 2230 sq. m. The name is See also:Kirghiz for " warm lake," and, like the See also:Chinese synonym She-See also:hai, has reference to the fact that the lake is never entirely frozen over. On the See also:south the Terskei Ala-tau do not come down so See also:close to the See also:shore as the mountains on the See also:north, but leave a See also:strip 5 to 13 M. broad. The margins of the lake are overgrown with reeds. The See also:water is brackish. See also:Fish are remarkably abundant, the See also:principal See also:species being See also:carp. It was by the route beside this lake that the tribes (e.g. Yue-chi) driven from See also:China by the See also:Huns found their way into the Aralo-See also:Caspian basin in the end of the and century. The Ussuns or Uzuns settled on the lake and built the town of Chi-gu, which still existed in the 5th century. It is to Hsiian-tsang, the Chinese Buddhist See also:pilgrim, that we are indebted for the first See also:account of Issyk-kul based on See also:personal observation.

In the beginning of the 14th century Nestorian Christians reached the lake and founded a monastery on the See also:

northern shore, indicated on the Catalan See also:map of 1374. It was not till 1856 that the Russians made acquaintance with the See also:district.

End of Article: ISSOUDUN

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