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JAUNPUR

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 283 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JAUNPUR , a See also:

city and See also:district of See also:British See also:India, in the See also:Benares See also:division of the See also:United Provinces. The city is on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:river See also:Gumti, 34 M. N.W. from Benares by See also:rail. Pop. (1901), 42,771. Jaunpur is a very See also:ancient city, the former See also:capital of a See also:Mahommedan See also:kingdom' which once extended from See also:Budaun and See also:Etawah to See also:Behar. It abounds in splendid architectural monuments, most of which belong to the See also:period when the rulers of Jaunpur were See also:independent of See also:Delhi. The fort of Feroz Shah is in See also:great See also:part completely ruined, but there remain a See also:fine gateway of the 16th See also:century, a See also:mosque dating from 1376, and the hammams or See also:baths of See also:Ibrahim Shah. Among other buildings may be mentioned the Atala Masjid (1408) and the ruined Jinjiri Masjid, mosques built by Ibrahim, the first of which has a great cloistered See also:court and a magnificent See also:facade; the Dariba mosque constructed by two of Ibrahim's See also:governors; the Lal Darwaza erected by the See also:queen of Mahmud; the Jama Masjid (1438–1478) 01 great mosque of Husain,. with court and cloisters, See also:standing on a raised See also:terrace, and in part restored in See also:modern times; and finally the splendid See also:bridge over the Gumti, erected by Munim See also:Khan, See also:Mogul See also:governor in 1569–1573. During the See also:Mutiny of 1857 Jaunpur formed a centre of disaffection. The city has now lost its importance, the only See also:industries surviving being the manufacture of perfumes and See also:papier-mache articles. The DISTRICT OF JAUNPUR has an See also:area of 1551 sq. m.

It forms part of the wide Gangetic See also:

plain, and its See also:surface 'is accordingly composed of a thick alluvial See also:deposit. The whole See also:country is closely tilled, and no See also:waste lands break the continuous prospect of cultivated See also:fields. It is divided into two unequal parts by the sinuous channel of the Gumti, a tributary of the See also:Ganges,. which flows past the city of Jaunpur. Its See also:total course within the district is about 90 m., and it is nowhere fordable. It is crossed by two See also:bridges, one at Jaunpur and the other 2 M. See also:lower down. The Gumtiisliableto sudden inundations during the See also:rainy See also:season, owing to the high See also:banks it has piled up at its entrance into the Ganges, which See also:act as dams to prevent the prompt outflow of its flooded See also:waters. These inundations extend to its tributary the Sal. Much damage was thus effected in 1774; but the greatest recorded See also:flood took See also:place in See also:September 1871, when 4000 houses in the city were swept away, besides 900o more in villages along its banks. The other See also:rivers are the Sal, Barna, Pili and Basohi. Lakes are numerous in the See also:north and See also:south; the largest has a length of 8 m. Pop. (19or), 1,202,920, showing a decrease of 5% in the See also:decade.

See also:

Sugar-refining is the See also:principal See also:industry. The district is served by the See also:line of the Oudh & See also:Rohilkhand railway from Benares to See also:Fyzabad, and by branches of this and of the See also:Bengal & North-Western systems. In prehistoric times Jaunpur seems to have formed a portion of the See also:Ajodhya principality, and when it first makes an See also:appearance in See also:authentic See also:history it was subject to the rulers of Benares. With the See also:rest of their dominions it See also:fell under the yoke of the Mussulman invaders in 1194. From that See also:time the district appears to have been ruled by a See also:prince of the See also:Kanauj See also:dynasty, as a tributary of the Mahommedan suzerain. In 1388 Malik Sarwar Khwaja was sent by Mahommed Tughlak to govern the eastern See also:province. He fixed his See also:residence at Jaunpur, made himself independent of the Delhi court, and assumed the See also:title of See also:Sultan-us-See also:Shark, or " eastern See also:emperor." For nearly a century the Sharki dynasty ruled at Jaunpur, and proved formidable rivals to the sovereigns of Delhi. The last of the dynasty was Sultan Husain, who passed his See also:life in a fierce and chequered struggle for supremacy with Bahlol See also:Lodi, then actual emperor at Delhi. At length, in 1478, Bahlol succeeded in defeating his See also:rival in a See also:series of decisive engagements. He took the city of Jaunpur, but permitted the conquered Husain to reside there, and to See also:complete the See also:building of his great mosque, the Jama Masjid, which now forms the See also:chief See also:ornament of the See also:town. Many other architectural See also:works in the district still See also:bear See also:witness to its greatness under its independent Mussulman rulers. In 1795 the district was made over to the British by the Treaty of See also:Lucknow.

From that time nothing occurred which calls for See also:

notice till the Mutiny. On the 5th of See also:June 1857, when the See also:news of the Benares revolt reached Jaunpur, the sepoys mutinied. The district continued in a See also:state of complete anarchy till the arrival of the See also:Gurkha force from See also:Azamgarh in September. In See also:November the surrounding country was lost again, and it was not till May 1858 that the last smouldering embers of disaffection were stifled by the repulse of the insurgent See also:leader at the hands of the See also:people themselves. See A. Fiihrer, The Shargi See also:Architecture of Jaunpur (1889). JAUNTING-See also:CAR, a See also:light two-wheeled See also:carriage for a single See also:horse, in its commonest See also:form with seats for four persons placed back to back, with the See also:foot-boards projecting over the wheels. It is the typical See also:conveyance for persons in See also:Ireland (see CAR). The first part of the word is generally taken to be identical with the verb " to jaunt," now only used in the sense of to go on a See also:short See also:pleasure excursion, but in its earliest uses meaning to make a horse See also:caracole or prance, hence to jolt or bump up and down. It would apparently be a variant of " jaunce," of the same meaning, which is supposed to be taken from O. Fr. jancer. See also:Skeat takes the origin of jaunt and jaunce to be Scandinavian, and connects them with the See also:Swedish See also:dialect word ganta, to romp; and he finds cognate bases in such words as " jump," " high jinks." The word " jaunty," sprightly, especially used of any-thing done with an easy nonchalant See also:air, is a corruption of " janty," due to confusion with " jaunt." " Janty," often spelt in the 17th and 18th centuries " jante " or " jantee," represents the See also:English See also:pronunciation of Fr. gentil, well-bred, neat, spruce.

End of Article: JAUNPUR

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