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FYZABAD, or FAIZABAD

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Originally appearing in Volume V11, Page 377 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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FYZABAD, or See also:FAIZABAD , a See also:city, See also:district and See also:division of See also:British See also:India in the See also:United Provinces. The city stands on the See also:left See also:bank of the See also:river See also:Gogra, 78 m. by See also:rail E. of See also:Lucknow. Pop. (1901) 75,085. To the E, of Fyzabad, and now forming a suburb, is the See also:ancient site of See also:Ajodhya (q.v.). Fyzabad was founded about 1730 by Sa'adat See also:Ali See also:Khan, the first See also:nawab See also:wazir of Oudh, who built a See also:hunting-See also:lodge here. It received its See also:present name in the reign of his successor; and Shuja-ud-daula, the third nawab, laid out a large See also:town and fortified it, and here he was buried. It was afterwards the See also:residence of the Begums of Oudh, famous in connexion with the See also:impeachment of See also:Warren See also:Hastings. When the See also:court of Oudh was removed to Lucknow in 1775 all the leading merchants and bankers abandoned the See also:place. At the See also:census of 1869 Fyzabad contained only 37,804 inhabitants; but it is now again advancing in prosperity and See also:population.. On the outbreak of the See also:Mutiny in 1857, the See also:cantonment contained two regiments of See also:infantry, a See also:squadron of See also:cavalry, and a See also:light See also:field See also:battery of artillery—all natives. Owing to their threatening demeanour after the See also:Meerut See also:massacre, many of the See also:European See also:women and See also:children were sheltered by one of the See also:great landholders of Oudh, and others were sent to less disturbed parts of the See also:country.

The troops See also:

rose, as was anticipated, and although they at first permitted their See also:officers to take boats and proceed towards See also:Dinapur, a See also:message was afterwards sent to a See also:rebel force See also:lower down the river to intercept the fugitives. Of four boats, one, having passed the rebels unnoticed, succeeded in reaching Dinapur safely. Of those in the other three boats, one alone escaped. Fyzabad is now a station for European as well as for native troops. It is the headquarters of a See also:brigade in the 8th division of the See also:northern See also:army. There is a See also:government See also:college. See also:Sugar-refining and See also:trade in agricultural produce are important. The DISTRICT OF FYZABAD, lying between the two great See also:rivers Gogra and See also:Gumti, has an See also:area of 1740 sq. m. It is entirely alluvial and well wooded, and has a See also:good See also:climate. Pop. (1901) 1,225,374, an increase of •7% in the See also:decade. The district is traversed throughout its length by the Oudh and See also:Rohilkhand railway from Lucknow to See also:Benares, with a See also:branch to See also:Allahabad.

Tanda, with a population in 1901 of 19,853, has the largest See also:

production of See also:cotton goods in Oudh. The DIVISION Of FYZABAD has an area of 12,113 sq. m., and comprises the six districts of Fyzabad, See also:Gonda, See also:Bahraich, See also:Sultanpur, See also:Partabgarh andBara Banki. Pop. (1901) 6,855,991, an increase of 2% in the decade. G The See also:form of this See also:letter which is See also:familiar to us is an invention of the See also:Romans, who had previously converted the third See also:symbol of the See also:alphabet into a representative of a k-See also:sound (see C). Throughout the whole of See also:Roman See also:history C remained as the symbol for G in the abbreviations C and Cn. for the proper names See also:Gaius and Gnaeus. According to See also:Plutarch (Roman Questions, 54, 59) the symbol for G was invented by Spurius Carvilius Ruga about 293 B.C. This probably means that he was the first See also:person to spell his cognomen RVGA instead of RVCA. G came to occupy the seventh place in the Roman alphabet which had earlier been taken by Z, because between 450 B.C. and 350 B.C. the z-sounds of Latin passed into r, names like Papirius and Fusius in that See also:period becoming Papirius and Furius (see Z), so that the letter z had become superfluous. According to the See also:late writer Martianus See also:Capella z was removed from the alphabet by the See also:censor Appius See also:Claudius Caecus in 312 B.C. To Claudius the insertion of G into the alphabet is also sometimes ascribed. In the earliest form the difference from C is very slight, the lower See also:lip of the See also:crescent merely rising up in a straight See also:line C, but Q and G are found also in republican times.

In the earliest Roman inscription which was found in the See also:

Forum in 1899 the form is written from right to left, but the hollow at the bottom lip of the crescent is an accidental See also:pit in the See also:stone and not a diacritical See also:mark. The unvoiced sound in this inscription is represented by K. The use of the new form was not firmly established till after the See also:middle of the 3rd See also:century B.C. In the Latin' alphabet the sound was always the voiced stop (as in See also:gig) in classical times. Later, before e, g passed into a sound like the See also:English y, so that words begin indifferently with g or j; hence from the See also:Lat. generum (See also:accusative) and lanuarium we have in Ital. genero and Gennajo, Fr. gendre and janvier. In the ancient Umbrian See also:dialect g had made this See also:change between vowels before the See also:Christian era, the inhabitant of See also:Iguvium (the See also:modern See also:Gubbio) being in the later form of his native speech luvins, Lat. Iguvinus. In most cases in See also:Mid. Eng. also g passed into a y sound; hence the old prefix ge of the past participle appears only as y in yclept and the like. But ng and gg took a different course, the g becoming an affricate d; (Ali), as in singe, See also:ridge, sedge, which in English before 1500 were senge, rigge, segge, and in Scotch are still pronounced sing, rig, seg. The affricate in words like See also:gaol is of See also:French origin (See also:gale), from a Late Lat. gabiola, out of caveola, a diminutive of the Lat. See also:cavea. The composite origin of English makes it impossible to See also:lay down rules for the See also:pronunciation of English g; thus there are in the See also:language five words Gill, three of which have the g hard, while two have it soft: viz.

(r) gill of a See also:

fish, (2) gill, a See also:ravine, both of which are Norse, and (3) Gill, the surname, which is mostly Gaelic=See also:White; and (4) gill a liquid measure, from 0. Fr..gelle, Late Lat. gella in the same sense, and (5) Gill, a girl's name, shortened from Gillian, Juliana (see See also:Skeat's Etymological See also:Dictionary). No one of these words is of native origin; otherwise the initial g would have changed to y, as in Eng. yell from the O. Eng. gellan, giellan. (P.

End of Article: FYZABAD, or FAIZABAD

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