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MALCOLM III

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 485 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MALCOLM III . (d. 1093), called Canmore or the " large-headed," was a son of See also:King See also:Duncan I., and became king after the defeat of the usurper See also:Macbeth in See also:July 1054, being crowned at See also:Scone in See also:April 1057. Having married as his second wife, (St) See also:Margaret (q.v.), a See also:sister of EdgarIEtheling, who was a fugitive at his See also:court, he invaded See also:England in 1070 to support the claim of See also:Edgar to the See also:English See also:throne, returning to See also:Scotland with many captives after harrying See also:Northumbria. See also:William the Conqueror answered this attack by marching into Scotland in 1072, where-upon Malcolm made See also:peace with the English king at See also:Abernethy and " was his See also:man." However, in spite of this promise he ravaged the See also:north of England again and again, until in 1o91 William See also:Rufus invaded Scotland and received his submission. Then in 1092 a fresh dispute arose between the two See also:kings, and William summoned Malcolm to his court at See also:Gloucester. The See also:Scot obeyed, and calling at See also:Durham on his southward See also:journey was See also:present at the See also:foundation of Durham See also:Cathedral. When he reached Gloucester Rufus refused to receive him unless he did See also:homage for his See also:kingdom; he declined and returned See also:home in high dudgeon. Almost at once he invaded Northumbria, and was killed at a See also:place afterwards called Malcolm's See also:Cross, near See also:Alnwick, on the 13th of See also:November 1093. Four of Malcolm's sons, Duncan II., Edgar, See also:Alexander I., and See also:David I., became kings of Scotland; and one of his daughters, See also:Matilda, became the wife of See also:Henry I. of England, a See also:marriage which See also:united the Saxon and the See also:Norman royal houses.

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