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MAZE

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 942 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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MAZE , a network of winding paths, a See also:

LABYRINTH (Gr. Xa(3vpcvOos, Lat. labyrinthus)

labyrinth (q.v.). The word means properly a See also:

state of confusion or wonder, and is probably of Scandinavian origin; cf. Norw. was, exhausting labour, also chatter, masa, to be busy, also to worry, See also:

ANNOY (like the French ennui, a word traced by etymologists to a Lat. phrase, in odio esse, to be " in hatred " or hateful of someone)

annoy; Swed. masa, to lounge, move slowly and lazily, to See also:

DREAM (from a root dreug, connected with Germ. trugen, to deceive)

dream, muse. See also:

SKEAT, WALTER WILLIAM (1835– )

Skeat (Etym. Dict.) takes the See also:

ORIGINAL

original sense to be probably " to be lost in thought," " to dream," and connects with the See also:

root ma-See also:

man-, to think, cf. " mind," " man," &c. The word " maze " represents the addition of an intensive suffix. MAZEPA-KOLEDINSKY, See also:

IVAN (JOHN)

IVAN STEPANOVICH (1644?-1709), See also:

HETMAN

hetman of the See also:

COSSACKS (Russ. Kazak; plural, Kazaki, from the Turki quzzaq, " adventurer, free-hooter ")

Cossacks, belonging to a See also:

NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Orthodox See also:

FAMILY

family, was See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born possibly at Mazeptsina, either in 1629 or 1644, the latter being the more probable date. He was educated at the See also:

court of the See also:

POLISH

Polish See also:

king, See also:

John Casimir, and completed his studies abroad. An intrigue with a Polish married See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady forced him to See also:

FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly into the See also:

UKRAINE (" frontier ")

Ukraine. There is a trustworthy tradition that the infuriated See also:

HUSBAND

husband tied the naked youth to the back of a See also:

WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse and sent him forth into the See also:

STEPPE (from the Russ. stepi, a waste)

steppe. He was rescued and cared for by the Dnieperian Cossacks, and speedily became one of their ablest leaders.

In 1687, during a visit to See also:

Moscow, he won the favour of the then all-powerful Vasily See also:

Golitsuin, from whom he virtually See also:

PURCHASED

purchased the hetmanship of the Cossacks (See also:

JULY

July 25). He took a very active See also:

PART

part in the See also:

Azov See also:

CAMPAIGNS

campaigns of See also:

Peter the See also:

GREAT

Great and won the entire confidence of the See also:

young See also:

TSAR, or CZAR

tsar by his zeal and See also:

ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy. He was also very serviceable to Peter at the beginning of the Great See also:

NORTHERN

Northern See also:

War, especially in 1705 and 1706, when he took part in the Volhynian See also:

CAMPAIGN

campaign and helped to construct the fortress of Pechersk. The See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power and See also:

INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of Mazepa were fully recognized by Peter the Great. No other Cossack hetman had ever been treated with such deference at Moscow. He ranked with the highest dignitaries in the state; he sat at the tsar's own table. He had been made one of the first cavaliers of the newly established See also:

order of St See also:

Andrew, and See also:

AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)

Augustus of See also:

Poland had bestowed upon him, at Peter's See also:

EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest solicitation, the universally coveted order of the See also:

White 'See also:

EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

Eagle. Mazepa had no temptations to be anything but loyal, and loyal he would doubtless have remained had not See also:

Charles XII. crossed the See also:

RUSSIAN

Russian frontier. Then it was that Mazepa, who had had doubts of the issue of the struggle all along, made up his mind that Charles, not Peter, was going to win, and that it was high See also:

time he looked after his own interests. Besides, he had his See also:

PERSONAL

personal grievances against the tsar. He did not like the new ways because they interfered with his old ones. He was very jealous of the favourite (See also:

Menshikov), whom he suspected of a See also:

DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design to supplant him.

But he proceeded very cautiously. Indeed, he would have preferred to remain neutral, but he' was not strong enough to stand alone. The crisis came when Peter ordered him to co-operate actively with the Russian forces in the Ukraine. At this very time he was in communication with Charles's first See also:

MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister, See also:

COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count See also:

PIPER, CARL, COUNT (1647-1716)

Piper, and had agreed to See also:

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour the Swedes in the Ukraine and See also:

close it against the Russians (Oct. 1708). The last doubt disappeared when Menshikov was sent to supervise Mazepa. At the approach of his See also:

RIVAL

rival the old hetman hastened to the See also:

SWEDISH

Swedish outposts at Horki, in Severia. Mazepa's See also:

TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason took Peter completely by surprise. He instantly commanded Menshikov to get a new hetman elected and raze Baturin, Mazepa's See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief stronghold in the Ukraine, to the ground.

End of Article: MAZE

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