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See also:MEDINA SIDONIA, See also:DON ALONSO See also:PEREZ DE GUZMAN EL BUENO, 7TH See also:DUKE OF (1550-1615) , the See also:commander-in-See also:chief of the See also:Spanish See also:Armada, was See also:born on the loth of See also:September 1550. He was the son of Don Juan Claros de Guzman, eldest son of the 6th duke, and of his wife Dona Leonor See also:Manrique de Zuniga y Sotomayor. His See also:father died in 1555, and Don Alonso became duke, and See also:master of one of the greatest fortunes in See also:Europe, on the See also:death of his grandfather in 1539. The See also:family of Guzman was originally lords of Abiados, on the See also:southern slope of the Picos de See also:Europa in the See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill See also:country of See also:Leon. The name is believed to be a contraction or corruption of Gundamaris, i.e. son of Gundamar. An See also:early family tradition represents them as having come from See also:Britain, and they may have descended from one of the Scandinavian invaders who attacked the See also:north See also:coast of See also:Spain in the loth See also:century. It is in the loth century that they first appear, and they See also:grew See also:great by the reconquest of the country from the Mahommedans. The See also:branch to which the See also:dukes of Medina Sidonia belonged was founded by Alonso Perez de Guzman (1256-1309), surnamed El Bueno, the See also:good, in the sense of good at need, or stout-hearted. In 1296 he defended the See also:town of See also:Tarifa on behalf of Sancho IV., and when the besiegers threatened to See also:murder one of his sons whom they held as a prisoner if he did not surrender, he allowed the boy to be killed. He was rewarded by great grants of See also:crown See also:land. The duchy of Medina Sidonia, the See also:oldest in Spain, was conferred by See also:John II. in 1445 oh one of his descendants, Juan Alonzo de Guzman, See also:count of Niebla. The addition " El Bueno " to the family name of Guzman was used by several of the See also:house, which included many statesmen, generals and colonial viceroys.' The 7,f.h duke was betrothed in 1565 to See also:Ana de See also:Silva y See also:Mendoza, who See also:wad then four years of See also:age, the daughter of the See also:prince of See also:Eboli. In 1572 when the duchess was a little more than ten years of age, the See also:pope granted a See also:dispensation for the consummation of the See also:marriage. The See also:scandal of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, for which there appears to be no See also:foundation, accused See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip IL of a love intrigue with the princess of Eboli. The unvarying and unmerited favour he showed the duke has been accounted for on the ground that he
1 The titles and grandeeship passed, in accordance with Castilian See also:law, by marriage of a daughter and heiress in 1777, to the See also:marquess of Villafranca, and have since remained in that house.
took a paternal See also:interest in the duchess. Don Alonso, though he See also:bore the name of El Bueno, was a See also:man of mean spirit. He made no serious effort to See also:save his See also:mother-in-law from the persecution she suffered at the hands of Philip II. His See also:correspondence is full of whining complaints of poverty, and appeals to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king for pecuniary favours. In 1581 he was created a See also:knight of the See also:Golden Fleece, and was named See also:captain-See also:general of See also:Lombardy. By pressing supplications to the king he. got himself exempted on the ground of poverty and poor See also:health. Yet when the marquess of See also:Santa Cruz (q.v.) died, on the 9th of See also:February 1588, Philip insisted on appointing him to the command of the Armada. He was chosen even before Santa Cruz was actually dead, and was forced to go in spite of his piteous declarations that he had neither experience nor capacity, and was always sick at See also:sea. His conduct of the Armada justified his plea. He was even accused of showing want of See also:personal courage, and was completely broken by the sufferings of the See also:campaign, which turned his See also:hair See also:grey. The duke retained his posts of " See also:admiral of the ocean " and captain-general of See also:Andalusia in spite of the contempt openly expressed for him by the whole nation. When an See also:English and Dutch armament assailed See also:Cadiz in 1596 his See also:sloth and timidity were largely responsible for the loss of the See also:place. He was held up to ridicule by Cervantes in a See also:sonnet. Yet the royal favour continued unabated even under the successor of Philip II. In 1606 the obstinacy and folly of the duke caused the loss of a See also:squadron which was destroyed near See also:Gibraltar by the Dutch. He died in 1615.
See Cesario Duro, La Armada invincible (See also:Madrid, 1884), which gives numerous references to authorities.
End of Article: MEDINA SIDONIA, DON ALONSO PEREZ DE GUZMAN EL BUENO, 7TH DUKE OF (1550-1615)
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