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MIDDLESBROUGH

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 413 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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MIDDLESBROUGH , a municipal, See also:

COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county and See also:

PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary See also:

borough and seaport in the See also:

North See also:

RIDING

Riding of See also:

YORKSHIRE

Yorkshire, See also:

England, 2382 M. N. by W. from See also:

LONDON

London, on the North Eastern railway. Pop. (1891), 75,532; (1901), 91,302. It lies on the See also:

south See also:

BANK

bank of the See also:

TEES

Tees, 5 M. from its mouth in the North See also:

Sea, and is the centre of one of the most important See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron-working districts in the See also:

WORLD

world. It is wholly of See also:

MODERN

modern growth, having been incorporated in 1853. Its See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief buildings are a See also:

FINE

fine See also:

TOWN

town-See also:

hall with lofty See also:

CLOCK

clock-See also:

TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower and See also:

SPIRE

spire (1889), containing the municipal offices, See also:

FREE

free library, &c.; the See also:

EXCHANGE

exchange, county See also:

court, Dorman memorial museum and See also:

ROMAN

Roman See also:

CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic See also:

CATHEDRAL

cathedral. Besides iron and See also:

STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel See also:

WORKS

works, the first of which was that of Messrs Bolckow, See also:

Vaughan & Co., there are See also:

ROLLING

rolling-See also:

mills, See also:

TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube works, See also:

WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire-mills, See also:

ENGINEERING

engineering works, oil works, chemical works, See also:

salt works and a considerable See also:

SHIP

ship-See also:

BUILDING

building See also:

INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry. The See also:

DISTRICT

district abounds in blast furnaces. The docks are accessible to large vessels, the entrance having a See also:

DEPTH

depth of 32 ft. Extensive dredging operations are carried on in the See also:

RIVER

river. The See also:

ACCOMMODATION (Lat. accommodare, to make fit, from ad, to, cum, with, and modus, measure)

accommodation for See also:

SHIPPING

shipping includes two graving docks, two patent slips, &c.

The entrance to the river is protected by two breakwaters named respectively the North Gare and South Gare. The furnaces within the See also:

PORT

port produce some 2,500,000 tons of See also:

pig iron annually. Middlesbrough is the seat of a Roman Catholic See also:

bishop. The parliamentary borough falling within the See also:

Cleveland See also:

DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the county, returns one member. The county borough was created in 1888. The town is governed by a See also:

mayor, ten aldermen and See also:

THIRTY

thirty councillors. See also:

AREA

Area, 2823 acres. The earlier See also:

HISTORY

history of the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is meagre. Where Middlesbrough now stands there were at one See also:

time a small See also:

CHAPEL

chapel and priory founded by See also:

Robert de Brus of See also:

SKELTON, JOHN (c. 1460-1529)

Skelton See also:

Castle. These were dedicated to St See also:

HILDA, ST

Hilda, and with some lands were given by de Brus to the See also:

abbey of St Hilda at See also:

WHITBY

Whitby in 113o. The priory See also:

fell into ruins at the time of the See also:

Reformation, and no trace now remains beyond some stones built into the See also:

wall of a brewery. The See also:

OAK (O. Eng., (lc)

Oak See also:

CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

Chair in the town-hall also is made from a fragment.

In 18or there were upon the site of Middlesbrough only four See also:

FARM

farm-houses. In 1829 a See also:

COMPANY

company styling itself the Middlesbrough Owners bought 500 acres of See also:

LAND

land, and began building in the town. In 183o the See also:

Stockton & See also:

DARLINGTON

Darlington railway was extended to Middlesbrough; four years later the town was lighted with See also:

GAS

gas; and after six years more a public See also:

MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market was established. The See also:

CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census of 1831 showed the See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population to be 154; that of 1841 showed 5709. In 1842 the opening of the docks gave additional importance to the town. From the See also:

YEAR

year 1851, when See also:

John Vaughan discovered the presence of ironstone in the See also:

ESTON

Eston hills, the town advanced rapidly.

End of Article: MIDDLESBROUGH

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