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See also:ORFILA, MATHIEU See also:JOSEPH BONAVENTURE (1787-1853) , See also:French toxicologist and chemist, was by See also:birth a Spaniard, having been See also:born at Mahon in See also:Minorca on the 24th of See also:April 1787. An See also:island See also:merchant's son, he looked naturally first to the See also:sea for a profession; but a voyage at the See also:age of fifteen to See also:Sardinia, See also:Sicily and See also:Egypt did not prove satisfactory. He next took to See also:medicine, which he studied at the See also:universities of See also:Valencia and See also:Barcelona with such success that the See also:local authorities of the latter See also:city made him a See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant to enable him to follow his studies at See also:Madrid and See also:Paris, preparatory to appointing him See also:professor. He had scarcely settled for that purpose in Paris when the out-break of the See also:Spanish See also:war, in 1807, threatened destruction to his prospects. But he had the See also:good See also:fortune to find a See also:patron in the chemist L. N. See also:Vauquelin, who claimed him as his See also:- PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)
pupil, guaranteed his conduct, and saved him from See also:expulsion from Paris. Four years afterwards he graduated, and immediately became a private lecturer on See also:chemistry in the French See also:capital. In 18x9 he was appointed professor of medical See also:jurisprudence, and four years later he succeeded Vauquelin as professor of chemistry in the See also:faculty of medicine at Paris. In 1830 he was nominated See also:dean of that faculty, a high medical See also:honour in See also:France. Under the See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans See also:dynasty, honours were lavishly showered upon him; he became successively member of the See also:council of See also:education of France, member of the See also:general council of the See also:department of the See also:Seine, and See also:commander of the See also:Legion of Honour. But by the See also:republic of 1848 he was held in less favour, and chagrin at the treatment he experienced at the hands of the governments which succeeded that of See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis Philippe is supposed to have shortened his See also:life. He died, after a See also:short illness, in Paris on the 12th of See also:March 1853.
Orfila's See also:chief publications are Traite See also:des poisons, or Toxicologie generale (1813); Elements de chimie medicale (1817); Lecons de medecine legale (1823); Trite des exhumations juridiques (183o); and Recherches See also:sus l'empoisonnement See also:par l'acide arsenieux (1841). He also wrote many valuable papers, chiefly on subjects connected with medical jurisprudence. His fame rests mainly on the first-named See also:work, published when he was only in his twenty-seventh See also:year. It is a vast mine of experimental observation on the symptoms of poisoning of all kinds, on the appearances which poisons leave in the dead See also:body, on their physiological See also:action, and on the means of detecting them. Few branches of See also:science, so important on their See also:bearings on every-See also:day life and so difficult of investigation, can be said to have been created and raised at once to a See also:state of high See also:advancement by the labours of a single See also:man.
End of Article: ORFILA, MATHIEU JOSEPH BONAVENTURE (1787-1853)
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