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See also:PLANTIN, CHRISTOPHE (1514–1589) , See also:French printer, was See also:born in a See also:village near See also:Tours (probably See also:Saint-Avertin). He learned See also:bookbinding and See also:bookselling at See also:Caen, and, having married in that See also:town, settled in 1549 as bookbinder in See also:Antwerp, where he was soon known as the first in his profession. A See also:bad See also:wound in the See also:arm seems to have been the cause that first led him (about 1555) to apply himself to See also:typography. The first known See also:book printed in his See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office was La Institutione di una fanciulla nata nobilmente, by J. M. Bruto, with a French See also:translation, and this was soon followed by many other See also:works in French and Latin, which in point of See also:execution rivalled the best See also:printing of his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, while the masters in the See also:art of See also:engraving then flourishing in the See also:Netherlands illustrated many of his See also:editions. In 1562, Plantin himself being absent in See also:Paris, his workmen printed an heretical pamphlet, which caused his movables to be seized and sold. It seems, however, that he recovered a See also:great See also:deal of the See also:money, and in 1563 he associated himself with some , See also:friends to carry on his business on a larger See also:scale. Among them were two See also:grand-nephews of See also:Dan. See also:Bomberg, who furnished him with the See also:fine See also:Hebrew types of that renowned Venetian printer. His editions of the See also:Bible in Hebrew, Latin and Dutch, his Corpus See also:juris, Latin and See also:Greek See also:classics, and many other works produced at this See also:period are renowned for their beautiful execution and accuracy. A much greater enterprise
was planned by him in those years—the publication of a Biblia polyglotla, which should See also:fix the See also:original See also:text of Old and New Testaments on a scientific basis. In spite of clerical opposition he was supported by See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip II. See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Spain, who sent him the learned See also:Benedictus Arias Montanus to take the leading See also:part in the See also:work of editorship. With his zealous help the work was finished in five years (1569-1573, 8 vols. See also:folio). Plantin earned little profit, but received the See also:privilege of printing all liturgical books for the states of King Philip, and the office of " prototypographus regius." Though outwardly a faithful son of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, he was till his See also:death the See also:partisan of a mystical See also:sect of heretics; and it is now proved that many of their books published without the name of a printer came from his presses together with the missals, breviaries, &c., for the See also:Roman See also:Catholic Church.
Besides the polyglot Bible, Plantin published in those years many other works of See also:note, such as editions of St See also:Augustine and St See also:Jerome, the botanical works of Dodonaeus, Clusius and Lobelius, the description of the Netherlands by See also:Guicciardini, &c. In 1575 his printing-office reckoned more than twenty presses and seventy-three workmen, besides a similar number that worked for the office at See also:home. But in See also:November 1576 the town was plundered and in part burnt by the Spaniards, and Plantin had to pay an exorbitant See also:ransom. He established a See also:branch of his office in Paris; and when in 1583 the states of See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland sought a typographer for the newly erected university at See also:Leiden, he See also:left his much reduced business in Antwerp to his sons-in-See also:law See also:John Moerentorf (Moretus) and See also:Francis See also:van Ravelinghen (Raphelengius), and settled there. When in 1585 Antwerp was taken by the See also:prince of See also:Parma and affairs became there more settled, he left the office in Leiden to Raphelengius and returned to Antwerp, where he laboured till his death on the 1st of See also:July 1589. His son-in-law, John Moretus, and his descendants continued to See also:print many works of note " in officina Plantiniana," but from the second See also:half of the 17th See also:century the See also:house began to decline. It continued, however, in the See also:possession of the Moretus See also:family, which religiously left every-thing in the office untouched, and when in 1876 the town of Antwerp acquired the old buildings with all their contents, for 1,200,000 francs, the authorities were able with little trouble to create one of the most remarkable museums in existence (the Musee Plantin, opened See also:August 19, 1877).
See Max Rooses, Christophe Plantin imprimeur anversois (Antwerp, 1882) ; Aug. de Backer and Ch. Ruelens, Annales de l'imprimerie Plantinienne (See also:Brussels, 1865); Degeorge, La Maison Plantin (2nd ed., Brussels, 1878). (P. A.
End of Article: PLANTIN, CHRISTOPHE (1514–1589)
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