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TURNSTONE , the name See also:long given' to a See also:shore-See also:bird, from its See also:habit of turning over with its See also:bill such stones as it can to seek its See also:food in the small crustaceans or other animals lurking beneath them. It is the Tringa interpres' of See also:Linnaeus and Strepsilas interpres of most later writers, and is remarkable as being perhaps the most See also:cosmopolitan of birds; for, though properly belonging to the See also:northern hemisphere, there is scarcely a See also:sea-See also:coast in the See also:world on which it may not occur: it has been obtained from Spitzbergen to the Strait of See also:Magellan and from Point See also:Barrow to the Cape of See also:Good See also:Hope and New See also:Zealand—examples from the See also:southern hemisphere being, however, almost invariably in a See also:state of plumage that shows, if not immaturity, yet an ineptitude for See also:reproduction. It also, though much less commonly, resorts
' The name seems to appear first in F. See also:Willughby's Ornithologia (p. 231) in 1676; but he gave as an See also:alias that of Sea-Dottrel, under which name a See also:drawing, figured by him (pl. 58), was sent to him by See also:Sir See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:- BROWNE
- BROWNE, EDWARD HAROLD (18,1–1891)
- BROWNE, ISAAC HAWKINS (1705-1760)
- BROWNE, JAMES (1793–1841)
- BROWNE, MAXIMILIAN ULYSSES, COUNT VON, BARON DE CAMUS AND MOUNTANY (1705-1757)
- BROWNE, PETER (?1665-1735)
- BROWNE, ROBERT (1550-1633)
- BROWNE, SIR JAMES (1839–1896)
- BROWNE, SIR THOMAS (1605-1682)
- BROWNE, WILLIAM (1591–1643)
- BROWNE, WILLIAM GEORGE (1768-1813)
Browne.
2 Linnaeus (Oel. och Gothlandska Resa, p. 217), who first met with this bird on the See also:island of Gottland (See also:July 1, 1741), was under the mistaken belief that it was there called Tolk (=interpres). But that name properly belongs to the See also:REDSHANK (q.v.), from the cry of warning to other animals that it utters on the approach of danger.
to the margins of inland See also:rivers and lakes; but it is very rarely seen except near See also:water, and See also:salt water for preference.
The turnstone is about as big as an See also:ordinary See also:snipe; but, compared with most of its See also:allies of the See also:group Limicolae, to which it belongs, its See also:form is somewhat heavy, and its legs are See also:short. Still it is brisk in its movements, and its variegated plumage makes it a pleasing bird. Seen in front, its See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white See also:face, striped with See also:black, and broad black See also:gorget attract See also:attention as it sits, often motionless, on the rocks; while in See also:flight the white of the See also:lower See also:part of the back and white See also:band across the wings are no less conspicuous even at a distance. A nearer view will reveal the See also:rich See also:chestnut of the See also:mantle and upper wing-coverts, and the See also:combination of See also:colours thus exhibited suggests the See also:term " See also:tortoise-See also:- SHELL
- SHELL (O. Eng. scell, scyll, cf. Du. sceel, shell, Goth. skalja, tile; the word means originally a thin flake,. cf. Swed. skalja, to peel off; it is allied to " scale " and " skill," from a root meaning to cleave, divide, separate)
shell " often applied to it—the See also:quill-feathers being mostly of a dark See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown and its lower parts pure white. The deeper tints are, however, See also:peculiar to the nuptial plumage, or are only to be faintly traced at other times, so that in See also:winter the adults—and the See also:young always--have a much plainer See also:appearance, ashy-See also:grey and white being almost the only hues observable. From the fact that turnstones may be met with at almost any See also:season in various parts of the world, and especially on islands as the Canaries, See also:Azores, and many of those in the See also:British seas, it has been inferred that these birds may breed in such places. In some cases this may prove to be true, but in most See also:evidence to that effect is wanting. In See also:America the breeding-range of this See also:species has not been defined. In See also:Europe there is good See also:reason to suppose that it includes See also:Shetland; but it is on the See also:north-western coast of the See also:Continent, from See also:Jutland to the extreme north of See also:Norway, that the greatest number are reared. The See also:nest, contrary to the habits of most Limicolae, is generally placed under a ledge of See also:rock which shelters the bird from observation,' and therein are laid four eggs, of a See also:light See also:olive-See also:green, closely blotched with brown, and hardly to be mistaken for those of any other bird. A second species of turnstone is admitted by some authors and denied by others. This is the S. melanocephalus of the Pacific coast of North America, which is on the See also:average larger than S. interpres, and never exhibits any of the chestnut colouring.
Though the genus Strepsilas seems to be rightly placed among the Charadriidae (see See also:PLOVER), it occupies a somewhat abnormal position among them, and in the form of its short pointed See also:beak and its variegated coloration has hardly any very near relative. (A.
End of Article: TURNSTONE
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