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See also:BOUTHILLIER, See also:CLAUDE, SIEUR DE FOUILLETOURTE (1581-1652) , See also:French statesman, began See also:life as an See also:advocate. In 1613 he was councillor in the See also:parlement of See also:Paris, and in 1619 became councillor of See also:state and a secretary to the See also:queen-See also:mother, See also:Marie de' See also:Medici. The connexion of his See also:father, See also:Denis Bouthillier (d. 1622), with See also:Cardinal See also:Richelieu secured for him the See also:title of secretary of state in 1628, and he was able to remain on See also:good terms with both Marie de' Medici and Richelieu, in spite of their rivalry. In 1632 he became See also:superintendent of finances. But his See also:great role was in See also:diplomacy. Richelieu employed him on many See also:diplomatic See also:missions, and the success of his See also:foreign policy was due in no small degree to Bouthillier's ability and devotion. In 163o he had taken See also:part at See also:Regensburg in arranging the abortive treaty between the See also:emperor and See also:France. From 1633 to 164o he was continually busied with See also:secret missions in See also:Germany, sometimes alone, sometimes with Father See also:Joseph. Following Richelieu's instructions, he negotiated the alliances which brought France into the See also:Thirty Years' See also:War. Meanwhile, at See also:home, his tact and amiable disposition, as well as his reputation for straightforwardness, had secured for him a unique position of See also:influence in a See also:court torn by jealousies and intrigues. Trusted by the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, the confidant of Richelieu, the friend of Marie de' Medici, and through his son, See also:Leon Bouthillier, who was appointed in 1635 See also:chancellor to Gaston d'See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans, able to bring his influence to See also:bear on that See also:prince, he was an invaluable mediator; and the See also:personal influence thus exercised, combined with the fact that he was at the See also:head of both the finances and the foreign policy of France, made him, next to the cardinal, the most powerful See also:man in the See also:kingdom. Richelieu made him executor of his will, and See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIII. named him a member of the See also:council of regency which he intended should govern the kingdom after his See also:death.335
But the. king's last plans were not carried out, and Bouthillier was obliged to retire into private life, giving up his See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of superintendent of finances in See also:June 1643. He died in Paris on the 13th of See also:March 1652.
His son, LEON BOUTHILLIER (1608-1652), See also:comte de Chavigny, was See also:early associated with his father, who took him with him from 1629 to 1632 to all the great courts of See also:Europe, instructing him in diplomacy. In 1632 he was named secretary of state and seconded his father's See also:work, so that it is not easy always to distinguish their respective parts. After the death of Louis XIII. he had to give up his office; but was sent as plenipotentiary to the negotiations at See also:Munster. He showed himself incapable, however, giving himself up to See also:pleasure and fetes, and returned to France to intrigue against See also:Mazarin. Arrested twice during the See also:Fronde, and then for a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in See also:power during Mazarin's See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile (See also:April 1651), he busied himself with small intrigues which came to nothing.
BOUTS-RIMS, literally (from the French) " rhymed ends," the name given in all literatures to a See also:kind of verses of which no better See also:definition can be found than was made by See also:Addison, in the Spectator, when he described them as " lists of words that See also:rhyme to one another, See also:drawn up by another See also:hand, and given to a poet, who was to make a poem to the rhymes in the same See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order that they were placed upon the See also:list." The more See also:odd and perplexing the rhymes are, the more ingenuity is required to give a semblance of See also:common-sense to the See also:production. For instance, the rhymes See also:breeze, See also:elephant, squeeze, pant, scant, please, See also:hope, See also:pope are submitted, and the following See also:stanza is the result:
Escaping from the See also:Indian breeze, The vast, sententious elephant
Through groves of See also:sandal loves to squeeze And in their fragrant shade to pant; Although the shelter there be scant, The vivid odours soothe and please, And while he yields to dreams of hope, Adoring beasts surround their Pope.
The invention of bouts-rimes is attributed to a See also:minor French poet of the 17th See also:century, Dulot, of whom little else is remembered. According to the Menagiana, about the See also:year 1648, Dulot was complaining one See also:day that he had been robbed of a number of valuable papers, and, in particular, of three See also:hundred sonnets. Surprise being expressed at his having written so many, Dulot explained that they were all " See also:blank sonnets," that is to say, that he had put down the rhymes and nothing else. The See also:idea struck every one as amusing, and what Dulot had done seriously was taken up as a jest. Bouts-rimes became the See also:fashion, and in 1654 no less a See also:person than Sarrasin composed a See also:satire against them, entitled La Defaite See also:des bouts-rimes, which enjoyed a great success. Nevertheless, they continued to be abundantly composed in France throughout the 17th century and a great part of the 18th century. In 1701 See also:Etienne Mallemans (d. 1716) published a collection of serious sonnets, all written to rhymes selected for him by the duchess of See also:Maine. Neither See also:Piron, nor See also:Marmontel, nor La Motte disdained this ingenious exercise, and early in the 19th century the fashion was revived. The most curious incident, however, in the See also:history of bouts-rimes is the fact that the See also:elder See also:Alexandre See also:Dumas, in 1864, took them under his See also:protection. He issued an invitation to all the poets of France to display their skill by composing to sets of rhymes selected for the purpose by the poet, Joseph Wry (1798-1866). No fewer than 350 writers responded to the See also:appeal, and Dumas published the result, as a See also:volume, in 1865.
W. M. See also:Rossetti, in the memoir of his See also:brother prefixed to D. G. Rossetti's Collected See also:Works (1886), mentions that, especially in 1848 and 1849, he and See also:Dante See also:Gabriel Rossetti constantly practised their pens in See also:writing sonnets to bouts-rimes, each giving the other the rhymes for a See also:sonnet, and Dante Gabriel writing off these exercises in See also:verse-making at the See also:rate of a sonnet in five or eight minutes. Most of W. M. Rossetti's poems in The Germ were bouts-rimes experiments. Many of Dante Gabriel's, a little touched up, remained in his brother's See also:possession, but were not included in the Collected Works. (E.
End of Article: BOUTHILLIER, CLAUDE, SIEUR DE FOUILLETOURTE (1581-1652)
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