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CRANBERRY , the See also:fruit of See also:plants of the genus Oxycoccus, (natural See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order Vacciniaceae), often considered See also:part of the genus Vaccinium. O. palustris (or Vaccinium Oxycoccus), the See also:common cranberry plant, is found in marshy See also:land in See also:northern and central See also:Europe and See also:North See also:America. Its stems are wiry, creeping and of varying length; the leaves are See also:evergreen, dark and shining above, See also:glaucous below, revolute at the margin, ovate, lanceolate or elliptical in shape, and not more than See also:half an See also:inch See also:long; the See also:flowers, which appear in May or See also:June, are small and stalked, and have a four-lobed, See also:rose-tinted corolla, purplish filaments, and anther-cells forming two long tubes. The berries ripen in See also:August and See also:September; they are See also:pear-shaped and about the See also:size of currants, are See also:crimson in See also:colour and often spotted, and have an See also:acid and astringent See also:taste. The See also:American See also:species, O. macro-carpus, is found See also:wild from See also:Maine to the Carolinas. It attains.a greater size than O. palustris, and bears bigger and finer berries, which are of three See also:principal sorts, the See also:cherry or See also:round, the See also:bugle or oblong, and the pear or See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
bell-shaped, and vary in See also:hue from See also:light See also:pink to dark See also:purple, or may be mottled red and See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white. O. erythrocarpus is a species indigenous in the mountains from See also:Virginia to See also:Georgia, and is remarkable for the excellent flavour of its See also:berry.
See also:Air and moisture are the See also:chief requisites for the thriving of the cranberry plant. It is cultivated in America on a See also:soil of See also:peat or See also:vegetable See also:mould, See also:free from See also:loam and See also:clay, and cleared of See also:turf, and having a See also:surface layer of clean See also:sand. The sand, which needs renewal every two or three years, is necessary for the vigorous existence of the plants, and serves both to keep the underlying soil cool and See also:damp, and to check the growth of grass and weeds. The ground must be thoroughly drained, and should be provided with a See also:supply of See also:water and a See also:dam for flooding the plants during
See also:winter to protect them from See also:- FROST (a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch, vorst, Ger. Frost, from the common Teutonic verb meaning " to freeze," Dutch, vriezcn, Ger. frieren; the Indo-European root is seen in Lat. pruina, hoar-frost, cf. prurire, to itch, burn, pruna, burning coal, Sans
- FROST, WILLIAM EDWARD (1810–1877)
frost, and occasionally at other seasons to destroy See also:insect pests; but the use of See also:spring water should be avoided. The flavour of the fruit is found to be improved by growing the plants in a soil enriched with well-rotted dung, and by supplying them with less moisture than they obtain in their natural habitats. See also:Propagation is effected by means of cuttings, of which the See also:wood should be wiry in texture, and the leaves of a greenish-See also:- BROWN
- BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
- BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
- BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
- BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
- BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
- BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
- BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
- BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
- BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
- BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
- BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
- BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
- BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
- BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
- BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
- BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
- BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
- BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
- BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
- BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
- BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
- BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)
brown colour. In America, where, in the vicinity of Cape See also:Cod, See also:Massachusetts, the cultivation of the cranberry commenced See also:early in the last See also:century, wide tracts of See also:waste land have been utilized for that purpose—low, easily flooded, marshy ground, See also:worth originally not more than from $io to $zo an See also:acre, having been made to yield annually $200 or $300 worth of the fruit per acre. The yield varies between 50 and 400 bushels an acre, but See also:loo bushels, or about 35 barrels, is estimated to be the See also:average See also:production when the plants have begun to See also:bear well. The approximate cranberry See also:crop of the See also:United States from 1890 to 1899 varied from 410,000 to I,000,000 bushels.
Cranberries should be gathered when ripe and dry, otherwise they do not keep well. The darkest-coloured berries are those which are most esteemed. The picking of the fruit begins in New See also:Jersey in See also:October, at the See also:close of the See also:blackberry and whortleberry See also:season, and often lasts until the coming in of See also:cold See also:weather. From 3 to 4 bushels a See also:day may be collected by See also:good workers. New See also:York, See also:Philadelphia, See also:Boston and See also:Baltimore are the leading American markets for cranberries, whence they are exported to the See also:West Indies, See also:England . and See also:France in See also:great quantities. England was formerly supplied by See also:Lincolnshire and See also:Norfolk with abundance of the common cranberry, which it now largely imports from See also:Sweden and See also:Russia. The fruit is much used for pies and tarts, and also for making an acid summer beverage. The cowberry, or red whortleberry, Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea, is sometimes sold for the cranberry. The Tasmanian and the Australian cranberries are the produce respectively of Astroloma humifusum and Lissantke sapida, plants of the order Epacridaceae.-
For literature of the subject see the Proceedings of the American Cranberry Growers' Association (Trenton, N. J.). There is a good See also:article on the American cranberry in L. H. See also:Bailey's Cyclopaedia. of American See also:Horticulture (1900).
End of Article: CRANBERRY
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