Online Encyclopedia

population of about 40,000. The streets are steep, narrow, dirty a.nd unpaved, the, roadways consisting of rough boulders. The houses are in See also:

general made of undressed stone and mud and are See also:

FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat-topped, the general aspect of the city being See also:

ORIENTAL

Oriental and un-Abyssinian. A few houses, including the See also:

PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of the See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor and the See also:

FOREIGN

foreign consulates, are of more elaborate and solid construction than the See also:

MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of the buildings. There are several mosques and an Abyssinian See also:

church (of the usual circular construction) built of stone. Harrar is a city of considerable commercial importance, through it passing all the merchandise of See also:

SOUTHERN

southern Abyssinia, See also:

KAFFA

Kaffa and Galla See also:

LAND

land. The See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief traders are Abyssinians, Armenians and Greeks.

The See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article of export is See also:

COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee, which is grown extensively in the neighbouring hills and is of the finest quality. Besides coffee there is a large See also:

trade in See also:

durra, the kat plant (used by the Mahommedans as a See also:

drug), See also:

GHEE (Hindostani ghi)

ghee, See also:

CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, mules and camels, skins and hides, See also:

ivory and gums. The import trade is largely in See also:

cotton goods, but every See also:

KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of merchandise is included. Harrar is believed to owe its See also:

FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation to Arab immigrants from the See also:

YEMEN (Yaman)

Yemen in the 7th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century of the See also:

Christian era. In the region of See also:

SOMALILAND

Somaliland, now the western See also:

PART

part of the British See also:

PROTECTORATE

protectorate of that name, the See also:

ARABS

Arabs established the Moslem See also:

state of Adel or Zaila, with their capital at Zaila on the Gulf of Aden. In the 13th century the sultans of Adel enjoyed See also:

GREAT

great See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, In 1521 the then See also:

SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan Abubekr transferred the seat of See also:

government to Harrar, probably regarding Zaila as too exposed to the attacks of the See also:

TURKISH

Turkish and Portuguese navies then contending for the mastery of the Red See also:

Sea and Gulf of Aden. Abubekr's successor was Mahommed III., Ahmed See also:

ibn See also:

IBRAHIM

Ibrahim el-See also:

GHAZI (an Arabic word, from ghazd, to fight)

Ghazi (1507-1543), surnamed Gran (Granye), the See also:

LEFT

left-handed. He was not an Arab but, probably, of Somali origin. The son of a noted See also:

WARRIOR

warrior, he quickly See also:

rose to supreme power, becoming sultan or See also:

AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

amir in 1525. He is famous for his invasion of Abyssinia, of which See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country he was virtual See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master for several years. From the beginning of the 17th century Adel suffered greatly from the ravages of See also:

pagan Galla tribes, and Harrar sank to the position of an amirate of little importance. It was first visited by a See also:

EUROPEAN

European in 1854 when (See also:

Sir) See also:

Richard See also:

Burton spent ten days there in the See also:

guise of an Arab.

In 1875 Harrar was occupied by an See also:

EGYPTIAN

Egyptian force under Raouf See also:

PASHA

Pasha, by whose orders the amir was strangled. The See also:

TOWN

town remained in the See also:

possession of See also:

EGYPT

Egypt until 1885, when the See also:

garrison was withdrawn in consequence of the rising of the See also:

MANDI

Mandi in the See also:

SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan. The Egyptian garrison and many Egyptian civilians, in all 6500 persons, left Harrar between See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1884 and the 25th of See also:

APRIL

April 1885, when a son of the ruler who had been deposed by Egypt was installed as amir, the arrangement being carried out under the superintendence of British See also:

OFFICERS

officers. The new amir held power until See also:

JANUARY

January 1887, in which See also:

month Harrar was conquered by Menelek II., See also:

king of Shea (afterwards See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of Abyssinia). The governorship of Harrar was by Menelek entrusted to See also:

Ras Makonnen, who held the See also:

POST

post until his See also:

DEATH

death in 1906. The Harrari proper are of a distinct stock from the neighbouring peoples, and speak a See also:

SPECIAL

special See also:

LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language. Harrarese is " a Semitic See also:

GRAFT (a modified form of the earlier " grail," through the French from the Late Lat. graphium, a stylus or pencil)

graft inserted into an indigenous stock " (Sir R. Burton, First Footsteps in See also:

East Africa). The Harrari are Mahommedans of the Shafa'i or See also:

Persian See also:

SECT

sect, and they employ the See also:

SOLAR, SOLLER (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

solar See also:

YEAR

year and the Persian See also:

CALENDAR

calendar. Besides the native population there are in Harrar colonies of Abyssinians, Somalis and See also:

Gallas. By the Somalis the See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is called Adari, by the Gallas Adaray. See ABYSSINIA; SOMALILAND.

Also P. Paulitschke, Harar: Forschungsreise nach den Som¢l- andoGalla-Ldndern Ost-Afrikas (See also:

LEIPZIG

Leipzig, 1888).

End of Article: HARRAR (or HARAR)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.

» Add information or comments to this article.

Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.

Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
HARRAN, HARAN

[next]
HARRATIN