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JIDDA (also written JEDDAH, DJIDDAH, ...

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 415 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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See also:

JIDDA (also written JEDDAH, DJIDDAH, DJEDDEH)

JIDDA (also written JEDDAH, DJIDDAH, DJEDDEH) , a See also:

TOWN

town in See also:

ARABIA

Arabia on the Red See also:

Sea See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast in 21° 28' N. and 390 10' E. It is of importance mainly as the See also:

PRINCIPAL

principal landing See also:

PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of pilgrims to See also:

MECCA (Arab. Makkah)

Mecca, from which it is about 46 m. distant. It is situated in a See also:

low sandy See also:

PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain backed by a range of hills 10 m. to the See also:

east, with higher mountains behind. The town extends along the See also:

BEACH

beach for about a mile, and is enclosed by a See also:

wall with towers at intervals, the seaward angles being commanded by two forts, in the See also:

NORTHERN

northern of which are the See also:

PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison and other public buildings. There are three See also:

GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates, the See also:

Medina See also:

GATE

gate on the See also:

north, the Mecca gate on the east, and the See also:

YEMEN (Yaman)

Yemen gate (rarely opened) on the See also:

south; there are also three small posterns on the See also:

west See also:

side, the centre one leading to the See also:

quay. In front of the Mecca gate is a rambling suburb with shops, See also:

COFFEE (Fr: cafe, Ger. Kaffee)

coffee houses, and an open See also:

MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market place; before the Medina gate are the See also:

TURKISH

Turkish See also:

barracks, and beyond them the See also:

HOLY

holy place of Jidda, the See also:

TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of " our See also:

MOTHER

mother See also:

EVE

Eve," surrounded by the principal See also:

CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

cemetery. The tomb is a walled enclosure said to represent the dimensions of the See also:

BODY

body, about 200 paces See also:

long and 15 ft. broad. At the See also:

head is a small erection where gifts are deposited, and rather more than See also:

HALF

half-way down a whitewashed See also:

DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome encloses a small dark See also:

CHAPEL

chapel within which is the See also:

black See also:

stone known as El Surrah, the See also:

NAVEL (O. Eng. nafela, a word common to Teutonic languages; of. Ger. Nobel, Swed. nafvel; the Sanskrit is nabhila; the English root is also seen in " nave," the hub of a wheel)

navel. The See also:

GRAVE

grave of Eve is mentioned by Edrisi, but except the black stone nothing bears any aspect of antiquity (see See also:

Burton's See also:

PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

Pilgrimage, vol. ii.). The sea See also:

FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face is the best See also:

PART

part of the town; the houses there are lofty and well built of the rough See also:

CORAL

coral that crops out all along the See also:

SHORE

shore. The streets are narrow and winding. There are two mosques of considerable See also:

SIZE

size and a number of smaller ones.

The See also:

OUTER

outer suburbs are merely collections of brushwood huts. The bazaars are well supplied with See also:

food-stuffs imported by sea, and See also:

FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit and vegetables from Taif and See also:

WADI

Wadi Fatima. The See also:

WATER

water See also:

SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply is limited and brackish; there are, however, two sweet See also:

wells and a See also:

SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring 71 m. from the town, and most, of the houses have cisterns for storing See also:

RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain-water. The See also:

CLIMATE

climate is hot and See also:

DAMP

damp, but See also:

FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever is not so prevalent as at Mecca. The See also:

HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour though inconvenient of See also:

ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access is well protected by coral reefs; there are, however, no wharves or other See also:

DOCK

dock facilities and See also:

CARGO (Span. for " loading," from Lat. carries, car)

cargo is landed in small Arab boats, sambuks. The See also:

GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor is a Turkish kaimakam under the vali of See also:

HEJAZ (H1JAz)

Hejaz, and there is a large Turkish See also:

garrison; the sharif of Mecca, however, through his See also:

AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent at Jidda exercises an authority practically See also:

SUPERIOR

superior to tnat of the See also:

SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan's officials. Consulates are maintained by See also:

GREAT

Great See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain, See also:

France, See also:

Austria, See also:

Russia, See also:

Holland, See also:

Belgium and See also:

PERSIA

Persia. The permanent See also:

POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population is estimated at 20,000, of which less than half are See also:

ARABS

Arabs, and of these a large number are foreigners from Yemen and See also:

HADRAMUT

Hadramut, the See also:

REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder are negroes and Somali with a few See also:

INDIAN

Indian and See also:

Greek traders. Jidda is said to have been founded by See also:

Persian merchants in the See also:

CALIPHATE

caliphate of See also:

OTHMAN (c. 574-656)

Othman, but its great commercial prosperity See also:

DATES

dates from the beginning of the 15th See also:

CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century when it became the centre of See also:

trade between See also:

EGYPT

Egypt and See also:

India. Down to the See also:

time of See also:

Burckhardt (1815) the See also:

SUEZ

Suez See also:

SHIPS

ships went no farther than Jidda, where they were met by Indian vessels. The introduction of steamers deprived Jidda of its place as an See also:

EMPORIUM (a Latin adaptation of the Gr. Eµabpuov, from f)

emporium, not only for Indian goods but for the products of the Red Sea, which formerly were collected here, but are now largely exported See also:

DIRECT

direct by steamer from See also:

HODEDA (Hodeida, Hadeda)

Hodeda, See also:

SUAKIN, or SAWAKIN

Suakin, See also:

JIBUTI (DJIBOUTI)

Jibuti and See also:

ADEN

Aden. At the same time it gave a great impulse to the See also:

PILGRIM

pilgrim See also:

TRAFFIC

traffic which is now regarded as the See also:

ANNUAL

annual See also:

HARVEST (A.S. hcerfest " autumn," O.H. Ger. herbist, possibly through an old Teutonic root representing Lat. car pere, " to pluck ")

harvest of Jidda.

The See also:

AVERAGE

average number of pilgrims arrivin(by sea exceeds 50,000, and in 1903—1904 the See also:

TOTAL

total came to 74,600. The changed status of the See also:

PORT

port See also:

OILS (adopted from the Fr. oile, mod. huile, Lat. oleum, olive oil)

oils shown in its trade returns, for while its exports decreased from £250,000 in 188o to £25,000 in 1904, its imports in the latter See also:

YEAR

year amounted to over £1,400,000. The adverse See also:

BALANCE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. bilantia, an apparatus for weighing, from bi, two, and lanx, a dish or scale)

balance of trade is paid by a very large export of specie, collected from the pilgrims during their stay in the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

End of Article: JIDDA (also written JEDDAH, DJIDDAH, DJEDDEH)

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