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JOSEPH I

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 514 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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JOSEPH I . (1678–1711), See also:Roman See also:emperor, was the See also:elder son of the emperor See also:Leopold I. and his third wife, Eleanora, countess See also:palatine, daughter of See also:Philip See also:William of See also:Neuburg. See also:Born in See also:Vienna on the 26th of See also:July 1678, he was educated strictly by See also:Prince See also:Dietrich See also:Otto von Salm, and became a See also:good linguist. In 1687 he received the See also:crown of See also:Hungary, and he was elected See also:king of the See also:Romans in 169o. In 1699 he married See also:Wilhelmina Amalia, daughter of See also:Duke See also:Frederick of See also:Brunswick-See also:Luneburg, by whom he had two daughters. In 1702, on the outbreak of the See also:War of the See also:Spanish See also:Succession, he saw his only military service. He joined the imperial See also:general See also:Louis of See also:Baden in the See also:siege of See also:Landau. It is said that when he was advised not to go into a See also:place of danger he replied that those who were afraid might retire. He succeeded his See also:father as emperor in 1705, and it was his good See also:fortune to govern the See also:Austrian dominions, and to be See also:head of the See also:Empire during the years in which his trusted general Prince See also:Eugene, either acting alone in See also:Italy or with the duke of See also:Marlborough in See also:Germany and See also:Flanders, was beating the armies of Louis XIV. During the whole of his reign Hungary was disturbed by the conflict with See also:Francis Rack6czy II., who eventually took See also:refuge in See also:France. The emperor did not himself take the See also:field against the rebels, but he is entitled to a large See also:share of the See also:credit for the restoration of his authority. He reversed many of the pedantically authoritative See also:measures of his father, thus. placating all opponents who could be pacified, and he fought stoutly for what he believed to be his rights.

Joseph showed himself very See also:

independent towards the See also:pope, and hostile to the See also:Jesuits, by whom his father had been much influenced. He had the tastes for See also:art and See also:music which were almost hereditary in his See also:family, and was an active See also:hunter. He began the attempts to See also:settle the question of the Austrian See also:inheritance by a pragmatic See also:sanction, which were continued by his See also:brother See also:Charles VI. Joseph died in Vienna on the'I7th of See also:April 1711, of small-pox. See F. Krones von Marchland, Grundriss der Oesterreichischen Geschichte (1882); F. See also:Wagner, Historia Josephi Caesaris (1746); J. C. Herchenhahn, Geschichte der Regierung Kaiser Josephs I. (1786–1789) ; C. See also:van Noorden, Europaische Geschichteim z8.Jahrhundert (187o–1882).

End of Article: JOSEPH I

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