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LIBANIUS (A.D. 314-393)

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 534 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LIBANIUS (A.D. 314-393) , See also:Greek sophist and rhetorician, was See also:born at See also:Antioch, the See also:capital of See also:Syria. He studied at See also:Athens, and spent most of his earlier manhood in See also:Constantinople and See also:Nicomedia. His private classes at Constantinople were much more popular than those of the public professors, who had him expelled in 346 (or earlier) on the See also:charge of studying magic.no intolerance. Among his pupils he numbered See also:John See also:Chrysostom, See also:Basil (See also:bishop of Caesarea) and See also:Ammianus See also:Marcellinus. His See also:works, consisting chiefly of,orations (including his autobiography), declamations on set topics, letters, See also:life of See also:Demosthenes, and arguments to all his orations are voluminous. He devoted much See also:time to the classical Greek writers, and had a thorough contempt for See also:Rome and all things See also:Roman. His speeches and letters throw considerable See also:light on the See also:political and See also:literary See also:history of the See also:age. The letters number 1667 in the Greek See also:original; with these were formerly included some 400 in Latin, purporting to be a See also:translation, but now proved to be a See also:forgery by the See also:Italian humanist F. Zambeccari (15th See also:century). See also:Editions: Orations and declamations, J. J.

See also:

Reiske (1791-1797) ; letters, J. C. See also:Wolf (1738) ; two additional declamations, R. See also:Forster (See also:Hermes, ix. 22, xii. 217), who in 1903 began the publication of a See also:complete edition; Apologia Socratis, Y. H. Rogge (1891). See also E. See also:Monnier, Histoire de Libanius (1866) ; L. See also:Petit, Essai See also:sus la See also:vie et la See also:correspondence du sophiste Libanius (1866); G. R.

Sievers, Das Leben See also:

des Libanius (1868) ; R. Forster, F. Zambeccari and See also:die Briefe des Libanius (1878). Some letters from the See also:emperor See also:Julian to Libanius will be found in R. Hercher, Epistolographi Graeci (1873). Sixteen letters to Julian have been translated by J. Duncombe (The Works of the Emperor Julian, i. 303-332, 3rd ed., See also:London, 1798). The oration on the emperor Julian is translated by C. W. Ki;Ig (in See also:Bohn's " Classical Library,” London, 1888), and that in See also:Defence of the Temples of the See also:Heathen by Dr See also:Lardner (in a See also:volume of See also:translations by See also:Thomas See also:Taylor, from See also:Celsus and others, 1830). See further J.

E. See also:

Sandys, Hist. of Classical Scholarship, i. (1906), and A. Harrent, See also:Les Ecoles d' Antioche (1898).

End of Article: LIBANIUS (A.D. 314-393)

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