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See also:MICHAEL VIII . See also:PALAEOLOGUS (1234—1282) was the son of Andronicus Palaeologus See also:Comnenus and See also:Irene Angela, the granddaughter of Alexius See also:Angelus, See also:emperor of See also:Constantinople. At an See also:early See also:age he See also:rose to distinction, and ultimately became
See also:commander of the See also:French mercenaries in the employment of the emperors of See also:Nicaea. A few days after the See also:death of See also:Theodore See also:Lascaris II. in 1259, Michael, by the assassination of Muzalon (which he is believed but not proved to have encouraged) became See also:joint See also:guardian with the See also:patriarch See also:Arsenius of the See also:young emperor, See also:John Lascaris, then a lad of eight years. Afterwards invested with the See also:title of " See also:despot," he was finally proclaimed joint-emperor and crowned alone at Nicaea on the 1st of See also:January 126o. In See also:July 1261 Michael, who had attacked Constantinople with the help of the Genoese, conquered the See also:town through his See also:general Strategopoulos. He thereupon had John Lascaris blinded and banished. For this last See also:act he was excommunicated by Arsenius, and the See also:ban was not removed until six years afterwards (1268) on the See also:accession of a new patriarch. In 1263 and 1264 respectively, Michael, with the help of See also:Urban IV., concluded See also:peace with See also:Villehardouin, See also:prince of Achaia, and Michael, despot of See also:Epirus, who had previously been incited by the See also:pope to attack him, but had been decisively beaten at Pelagonia in See also:Thessaly (1259); Villehardouin was obliged to cede Mistra, Monemvasia and See also:Maina in the Morea. Subsequently Michael was involved in See also:wars with the Genoese and Venetians, whose See also:influence in • Constantinople he sought to diminish by maintaining the See also:balance of strength between them. In 1269 See also:Charles of See also:Sicily, aided by John of Thessaly; made See also:war with the alleged purpose of restoring See also:Baldwin to the See also:throne of Constantinople, and pressed Michael so hard that he consented to send deputies to the See also:council of See also:Lyons (1274) and there accept the papal supremacy. The See also:union thus brought about between the two Churches was, however, extremely distasteful to the Greeks, and the persecution of hia " schismatic " subjects to which the emperor was compelled to resort weakened his See also:power so much that See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin IV. was tempted to enter into See also:alliance with Charles of See also:Anjou and the Venetians for the purpose of reconquering Constantinople. The invasion, however, failed, and Michael so far had his revenge in the " Sicilian See also:Vespers," which he helped to bring about. He died in See also:Thrace in See also:December 1282. In reconstituting the See also:Byzantine See also:Empire Michael restored the old See also:administration without endeavouring to correct its abuses. By debasing the coinage he hastened the decay of Byzantine See also:commerce.
End of Article: MICHAEL VIII
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