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See also:MUFFLING, See also:FRIEDRICH KARL See also:FERDINAND, FREIHERR voN, called See also:WEISS (1775—1851), Prussian See also:general See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field See also:marshal, was See also:born on the See also:lath of See also:June 1775, and entered the Prussian See also:army in 1790. In 1799 he contributed to a military See also:dictionary edited by See also:Lieutenant W. von Leipziger, and in the See also:winter of 1802-1803, being then a subaltern, he was appointed to the newly-formed general See also:staff as "quartermaster-lieutenant." He had already done survey See also:work, and was now charged with survey duties under the astronomer F. X. von See also:Zach (1754—1832). In 18o5, when in view of a See also:war with See also:France the army was placed on a war footing, Muffling was promoted See also:captain and assigned to the general staffs, successively, of General von Wartensleben, See also:Prince See also:Hohenlohe and See also:Blucher. In 18o6 he served under Hohenlohe, the See also:duke of See also:Saxe-See also:Weimar, and Bhicher, and was included in the See also:capitulation of the latter's See also:corps at Rattkau, after which he entered the See also:civil service of the duke of Weimar. He rejoined the army on the outbreak of the War of Liberation in 1813, and was placed on the headquarters staff of the army of See also:Silesia. His business qualities and See also:common sense were greatly valued, though the temperamental See also:differences between Muffling and See also:Gneisenau often led to See also:friction, especially as the former was in a measure the representative of the antiquated " topographical " school of strategists, to whom (rightly in the See also:main) the disaster of See also:Jena was attributed. In the See also:interval between the first occupation of See also:Paris and the See also:Hundred Days, Muffling served as See also:chief of the staff to the See also:Russian general See also:Barclay de Tolly and to General See also:Kleist von Nollendorf. He was Prussian See also:commissioner at the duke of See also:Wellington's headquarters in the See also:Waterloo See also:campaign, and was involved in the various controversies which centred See also:round the events of the 16th of June 1815. After the final fall of See also:Napoleon he served on the staff of the army of occupation in France and was for some months military See also:governor of Paris. He spent a See also:part of his See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time on the See also:Rhine in survey work, and was employed by See also:Frederick See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III. in various See also:diplomatic See also:missions. In 1821 he became chief of the general staff at See also:Berlin, and though he has been accused of indulging his See also:taste for topographical work at the expense of training for war, his work was not wasted, for he gave an excellent organization to the general staff, and executed elaborate and useful surveys. In 1829 he visited See also:Constantinople and St See also:Petersburg in connexion with negotiations for See also:peace between See also:Russia and See also:Turkey. He took a prominent part in the military and civil See also:history of See also:Prussia, and from 1838—1847 was governor of Berlin. Failing See also:health compelled his retirement in the latter See also:year, and he died on the 16th of See also:January 1851, at his See also:estate of Ringhofen near Berlin.
Under the See also:initials of Carl) von W(eiss), he wrote various important See also:works on military See also:art and history: Operations See also:plan der preuss-sacks. Armee i8o6 (Weimar, 1807); marginalia on the See also:archduke See also:Charles's Grundsatze der hoheren Kriegskunst See also:fur See also:die Generale der oesterr. Armee, and on Riihle von Lilienstern's Bericht fiber die Vorgange bei der Hohenloheschen Armee i8o6; Die preussisch-russische Kampagne bis zum Waffenstillstande 1813 (Berlin, 1813); Geschichte der Armeen unter Wellington and Blucher 1813 (See also:Stuttgart, I817); Zur Kriegsgesch. der Jahre 1813—1814: die Feldziige der schiesischen Armee von der Beendigung See also:des Waffenstillstandes bis zur Eroberung von Paris (Berlin, 1824.); Betrachtungen fiber die grossen Operationen and Schlachten 1813—1815 (Berlin, 1825) ; Napoleons Strategie 1813 (Berlin, 1827) ; and an See also:essay on the See also:Roman roads on the See also:lower Rhine (Berlin, 1834). Muffling was also the inventor of a See also:system of hachuring for maps. His reminiscences, Aus meinem Leben, were published at Berlin in 1851.
End of Article: MUFFLING, FRIEDRICH KARL FERDINAND, FREIHERR
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