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PENSIONARY , a name given to the leading functionary and legal adviser of the See also:principal See also:town corporations of See also:- HOLLAND
- HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
- HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
- HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
- HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
- HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
- HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
- HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
- HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART
Holland, because they received a See also:salary, or See also:pension. At first this See also:official was known by the name of " clerk " or " See also:advocate." The See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office originated in See also:Flanders. The earliest " pensionaries " in Holland were those of See also:Dort (1468) and of See also:Haarlem (1478). The pensionary conducted the legal business of the town, and was the secretary of the town See also:council and its representative and spokesman at the meetings of the Provincial States. The See also:post of pensionary was permanent and his See also:influence was See also:great.
In the States of the See also:province of Holland pensionary of the See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of nobles (Ridderschap) was the foremost official of that See also:assembly and he was named—until the See also:death of See also:Oldenbarneveldt in 1619—the See also:land's advocate, or more shortly, the advocate. The importance of the advocate was much increased after the outbreak of the revolt in 1572, and still more so during the See also:long See also:period 1586-1619 when See also:John See also:van Oldenbarneveldt held the office. The advocate See also:drew up and introduced all resolutions, concluded debates and counted the votes in the Provincial Assembly. When it was not in session he was a permanent member of the See also:college of deputed councillors who carried on the See also:administration. He was See also:minister of See also:justice and of See also:finance.
All See also:correspondence passed through his hands, and he was the See also:head and the spokesman of the deputation, who represented the province in the States See also:General. The conduct of See also:foreign affairs in particular was entrusted almost entirely to him.
After the downfall of Oldenbarneveldt the office of lands'-advocate was abolished, and a new post, tenable for five years only, was erected in its See also:place with the See also:title of Raad-Pensionaris. or Pensionary of the Council, usually called by See also:English writers See also:Grand Pensionary. The first holder of this office was See also:Anthony Duyck. See also:Jacob See also:Cats and See also:Adrian Pauw, in the days of the stadtholders See also:Frederick See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry and See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William of See also:Orange II. had to be content with lessened See also:powers, but in the stadtholderless regime 1650—1672 the grand pensionary became even more influential than Oldenbarneveldt himself, since there was no See also:prince of Orange filling the offices of See also:stadtholder, and of See also:admiral and See also:captain-general of the See also:Union. From 16J3-1672 John de Witt, re-elected twice, made the name of grand pensionary of Holland for ever famous during the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the See also:wars with See also:England. The best known of his successors was Anthony See also:Heinsius, who held the office from 1688 to his death in 1720. He was the intimate friend of William III., and after the decease of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king continued to carry out his policy during the stadtholderless period that followed. The office was abolished after the See also:conquest of Holland by the See also:French in 1795.
See See also:Robert Fruin,. Geschiedenis der Staats-Instellingen in Nederland, The See also:Hague, 1901; G. W. Vreede, Inleiding tot eene Gesch. der Nederlandsche See also:Diplomatic '(See also:Utrecht, 1858). (G.
End of Article: PENSIONARY
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